CO₂stCap (Cutting Cost of CO₂ Capture in Process Industry)

Publication Overview

Publication Summary

• For the steel industry, the CO₂ capture rates assessed were from 19% to 76.3% of the total plant CO₂ emissions, by assuming single or combined CO₂ The costs are within the range 28-45 €/tonne CO₂-captured. The recovery of the available excess heat is key to achieving lower CO₂ capture costs.
• For the pulp and paper industry, the CO₂ capture rates assessed were from 66.5% to 74% of the total plant CO₂ emissions, by assuming combined stacks. The costs are within the range 41-54 €/tonne CO₂-captured. Capturing CO₂ from the lime kiln is more costly than that from the recovery boiler due to the lower volume of CO₂ emissions, even though it has a higher CO₂
• For the cement industry, the CO₂ capture rates assessed were from 37% to 90%, all collected in a single stack. The costs are within the range 50-55 €/tonne CO₂-captured. These values take account of a low capture rate (37%) based on heat recovery from the excess in the production plant, or investing in an additional steam boiler to achieve 90% of capture rate.
• For the silicon industry, the CO₂ capture rate assessed was 90% from a single stack. Due to the small CO₂ volume, and low CO₂ concentration, the cost of capture is 125-150 €/tonne CO₂-captured.
• The size of the CO₂ emissions source has the greatest impact on the full capture cost. This means that the cost of capture will be lower as the source becomes larger. Moreover, the sensitivity of the capture cost to energy prices is lower in partial capture cases than that in full capture cases.
• The impact of the CO₂ capture cost on the final industrial product could be assumed by the end-user, although it will depend on the competitiveness within the sector, profit margins, and the support from funding mechanisms or regulations.
• The use of biomass was investigated through a literature review. Four main concepts were analyzed: using biomass both as a substitute for fossil energy as well as fossil raw material (silicon and steel industries); and replacing the fossil energy needed for the industrial process (cement and pulp & paper) or just to provide energy for the capture plant (cement).