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Merched Azzi , Sunil Sharma , Narendra Dave , Paul Feron , Stuart Day , Moetaz Attalla , David French, Thong Do, Hai Yu , Sameer Khare
Citation: IEAGHG, "Gaseous Emissions from Amine Based Post Combustion CO₂ Capture Processes and their deep removal", 2012-07, May 2012.
This report evaluates the emission from the PCC technology that uses amine based inhibitor-free solvents, particularly MEA, ammonia and amino acid salt based solvents. It identifies shortcomings in terms of the environmental performance of existing PCC technology. It also evaluates various emission control methods that may be applied to minimise the emissions particularly from MEA and other amine technologies. All these aspects of the study are covered in the four sections of this report. A complete evaluation of environmental impact of the amine based process would involve assessment of all direct discharge of waste material from the process and the fates of these compounds, including chemical transformations that occur after their discharge. However, it is to be noted that only gaseous emissions are evaluated in this report and liquid and solid emissions are considered as beyond the scope of this study.
According to the literature reviewed, thermal and oxidative degradation of amine results in a number of gas and liquid phase impurities which reduce the CO2 absorption capacity of the solvent and produces compounds whose emission is hazardous for the environment. These impurities in the vapour or fine droplet form could be emitted in the CO2-lean flue gas from the top of the absorber and stripper.
ASPEN modeling was used to estimate emissions from MEA based PCC unit connected to a natural gas fired combined or a coal fired power plant, as defined in a previous IEA-GHG study. The simulation results indicate that the heat stable salts, Oxazolidone-2, 1-(2 Hydroxyethyl) imidazolidone-2 (HEIA), N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine (HEEDA), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-diethylenetriamine (Trimer), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-triethylenetetramine (Polymer), and Cyclic Urea of Trimer are unlikely to be emitted as gas phase though their concentrations may increase with time in the lean MEA solution. However, they may be emitted as droplets, depending on the dynamics within the absorber and effectiveness of the demister system used.
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