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Discover the latest advances carbon capture and storage research
The purpose of this study is to review the technical options that may be available to retrofit a capture technology to the various configurations of power plants that may be built in coming years and to identify (a) necessary and (b) potentially economically attractive options for pre-investment in those plants to make retrofit economically feasible.
The third meeting specifically aims to demonstrate that research has helped to move the technology towards widespread implementation by identifying and understanding the technical barriers encountered while working to address and neutralise these barriers, and also to provide a platform for dissemination of results, information and observations from field and laboratory experiments / measurements. The meeting will also aim to determine what next steps are needed in order to progress the technology even further, into the arena of large-scale demonstration projects.
This report examines the frameworks for Environmental Impact assessment in use around the world and how adequate they will be for application to CCS projects. It also reviews the gaps in the knowledge which will be required to carry out effective assessments and projects future trends in the scope and application of EIA. Requirements for an internationally applicable framework for CCS projects are outlined.
One of the key issues that need to be resolved for wide scale implementation of CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) is that of security of storage. To gain general acceptance of the technology it will be necessary to prove that CCS is a safe and environmentally acceptable option. To resolve this issue it is considered that no single activity or action will satisfactorily answer the question alone. However, a number of different activities when taken together should be able to resolve it
The aim of this study was to assess what remediation techniques and approaches are available if seepage of CO₂ is identified from a geological storage formation. The objective of the study was to develop a report that can act as a reference manual for IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) members in their discussions with policy makers. The report sets out the remediation plan that can be adopted in the event of any seepage being detected based upon different types of seepage event and their associated remediation methods. This report also estimates the costs of different remediation measures.
The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme has issued reports assessing the cost of CO₂ capture technologies for power generation using all of the three main types of process, i.e. pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-combustion capture. A report has also been issued on the implications if other impurities are co-captured along with the CO₂. In most of the variants of these processes there is an economic or practical limit to the percentage of the CO₂ which can be captured. There has been increasing interest in recent years in the concept of “zero emission power generation” which would in essence be the complete 100% capture of all CO₂ and other emissions of gaseous components, principally the sulphur and nitrogen oxides. A study has thus been proposed, building on the previous work, to explore this concept in more depth. In formulating this study it is considered more appropriate to consider the concept as providing “near zero” emissions to the atmosphere since thermodynamic limitations make complete capture inappropriate for some of the contending processes.
Environmental impacts due to the capture of CO₂ at power plants occur directly and indirectly. Direct impacts results from the avoidance of CO₂ emission to air and can also occur due to changed emissions of NO2 and SOx as a consequence of CO₂ capture and the emissions of solvent and its degradation products. Indirectly, an increase of environmental impact is caused by the decreased thermal efficiency, which leads to a higher fuel use, the production and transport of solvents and additives and the disposal of solvent and degradation products. The scope of the present study covers both the direct and indirect environmental impact of CO₂ capture but transport and storage of CO₂ are excluded.
The main aim of the project was to demonstrate the feasibility of CO₂ injection in coal under the conditions encountered in Europe , and that storage of CO₂ in this fashion is a safe and viable option for the long term.The RECOPOL project aimed to couple the geological storage of CO₂ with enhanced production of coal bed methane (ECBM). The Silesian Basin area of Poland was chosen as the demonstration site due to the favourable physical properties of the coal seams, and because the site has actively produced coal bed methane (CBM) in the past, providing historical data with which to compare experimental results.
There were a number of reports that indicated that well integrity may be a current issue within the oil and gas industry. A detailed study on production wells in the Gulf of Mexico indicated that up to 60% of wells had casing pressure problems, which could indicate that the integrity of the wells had been compromised. Experience from the Permian basin in the USA indicated that when fields were changed over to CO₂ flood that significant remedial work was needed to pull and re cement wells that had not seen exposure to CO₂. It was considered that many of the problems in both the Gulf of Mexico and the Permian basin resulted from poor well completions at the outset. This may be due to cases where the casings were not cleaned properly prior to CO₂ injection and the presence of residual mud in the wells led to poor seals between the cement and the formation and the cement and the casing liner (steel). Similar issues could arise due to too rapid curing of the cement, or poor cement squeezing. Where poor seals occur ingress of saline water from overlying aquifers can results in chlorine induced corrosion of the steel casing liner. The API has recognised this as a major problem and in response it is developing a new set of standards for well completions. A further set of standards for wells in CO₂ floods us also being developed but this is at an early stage.
The aim of this Network for Oxy-Fuel Combustion is to provide an international forum for organisations with interest in the development of Oxy-Fuel Combustion Technology.Due to the broadness of this topic, it was decided to focus the theme of the first workshop on the “Oxy-Fuel Combustion for Coal Fired Power Plant”. Nevertheless, the future workshop will also attend to the development in Oxy-Fuel Combustion for Gas Fired Power Plants and other novel oxy-combustion processes.
The 2nd meeting of the monitoring network met in at Rome in September 2005. The meeting had two main aims which were: first to begin to engage regulatory bodies from around the worldwide on their thoughts on monitoring needs and second, to provide an update on monitoring technique development since the last meeting.
Carbon dioxide capture and storage is now established in OECD countries’ energy policies and R&D programmes as a potential contributor to climate mitigation strategies. Post combustion capture allied to improved efficiency power plant looks likely to be a major element for new plant as markets develop – particularly so in developing countries where there is a clear preference for using the best established technologies for power generation. Retrofit to established plant is also technically feasible although less economically attractive for ageing, less efficient assets. Since the previous workshop a number of generators in Europe and Canada have expressed interest in the possibilities of demonstrating the technology at full scale and a major pilot plant operation under the EU CASTOR programme has commenced at a power station near Esbjerg in Denmark. About a quarter of the workshop participants used the opportunity to visit this new facility on the day previous to the workshop – thanks from all participants to Elsam for hosting this visit.
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