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Incorporating Future Improvements in existing PC, Tech. Rev

1 May 2013
Capture

This study intended to focus on the above mentioned process improvements and 2nd and 3rd generation technology evaluation. However, the work by Lucquiaud et al. 2012 focuses only on some of the above mentioned improvements such as improvements in amine based solvent properties like CO₂ absorption enthalpy, solvent heat capacity and CO₂ regeneration temperature by developing an equilibrium based model in gProms software. In this model each solvent property changes were performed independently to the other solvent properties. Table 1, shows the parameters used in the power plant and base case amine based solvent CO₂ post combustion capture plant.

Technical Review

Review of Status of Global Non CO₂ GHG Emissions

1 April 2013
Industry Insights

The aim of this study therefore is to update the summary of the work completed by IEAGHG previously (See Section 3). The specific objectives of the study are:   <ul> <li>To review the current sources of Non-CO2 GHG’s and update their emissions data.</li> <li>To look at the trends in Non-CO2 GHG emissions over the years from our study to present date and assess which mitigation options have been successfully deployed.</li> <li>To attempt to assess why some measures have not been introduced.</li> </ul>   The study will also aim to look at the organisations active in these areas, such as the Methane to Markets Programme in the USA, a body similar to the CSLF. This would enable us to consider if there are any opportunities for further work by IEAGHG on such topics that could assist deployment or address barriers to deployment. The review would therefore also assist in IEAGHG’s future strategic planning activities.

Technical Review

Current State of the Art Technology for Iron & Steel Production

1 April 2013
Capture
Industry Insights

This document is drafted by IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme in support of the activities of the EU Zero Emissions Platforms (ZEP) assessment of potential CCS deployment in the energy intensive industries. It aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in steel production worldwide and present a brief overview of the development of different technology options for CO₂ capture in the steel industry. Steel is the largest globally traded metal. In 2011, around 1.49 billion tonnes of crude steel were produced worldwide; of which ~45% was from China. Other leading steel producing regions or countries include the EU27 (12%), NAFTA1 (8%), CIS2 (8%), Japan (7%), and India (5%). Figure 1 presents the historical data showing the crude steel production worldwide. In the last decade, steel production has achieved an average annual growth rate of around 5-6% [1

Technical Review

Toward a Commons Method of Cost Estimation for CO₂ Capture and Storage at Fossil Fuel Power Plants

1 March 2013
Costs of CCUS
Industry Insights

To address the current state of CCS costs, a workshop was convened in March 2011 at which an international group of experts from industrial firms, government agencies, universities, and environmen tal organizations met to share information and perspectives on CCS costs for electric power plants [2]. A major conclusion of that work shop was that there are significant differences and inconsistencies in the way CCS costs are currently calculated and reported by various authors and organizations. As a consequence, there is a significant degree of confusion, misunderstanding, and mis-representation of CCS costs in the information now available publicly. These incon sistencies hamper the ability to correctly and systematically com pare the cost of different carbon capture options. They also distort comparisons between CCS and other greenhouse gas reduction measures—with potential consequences for both technology and policy developments.

Technical Review

Shale Gas Greenhouse Gas Footprint Review

1 March 2013
Storage

This analytical review was originally prepared as a discussion note for the executive committee of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D programme in response to concern resulting from publication in the USA of an academic paper claiming that methane emissions arising from the production of shale gas could be sufficient to make unconventional natural gas from that source more greenhouse intensive than coal. Such a claim runs counter to the conventional wisdom that converting an application from coal to natural gas invariably results in a reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission consequences of the application, particularly so for power generation

Technical Review

Microbial Effects on CO₂ Storage

1 December 2012
Storage

Microorganisms are thought to be responsible for over half the biomass on the planet, with a substantial fraction of them in the subsurface. Some microorganisms are known to be able to exist in extreme conditions and have been found in the subsurface at depths greater than 3km and can therefore potentially exist at some locations considered for geological storage of CO2. In general the chemoautotrophic nature of subsurface ecosystems increases with depth, i.e. microbes in the deeper subsurface are more likely to be using CO2 to synthesise necessary organic compounds. Therefore these are what you may expect to find at the depth of a typical CO2 storage reservoir.

Technical Review

Integration of Solar Energy Technologies with CCS

1 March 2012
Capture

This study was undertaken to identify and quantify opportunities for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and renewable energy technologies to be combined in a synergistic way and to identify any options which would tend to leave a permanent legacy for the renewable power generation industry. Several interesting options were studied and the key option of providing renewable thermal energy to compensate for the parasitic losses incurred by post combustion CCS was studied in some detail.

Technical Review

Geological Storage Of CO₂ In Basalts

1 September 2011
Storage

This technical review has been undertaken with the aim of providing a high level overview of the current status of basalts as an option for geological storage of CO₂

Technical Review

Water Usage and Loss Analysis of Bituminous Coal Fired Power Plants with CO₂ Capture (5 volumes)

1 March 2011
Capture

IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) retained Foster Wheeler to investigate and evaluate water usage and loss of power in power plants with CO₂ capture. The work is developed thought the establishment of a rigorous accounting of water usage throughout the power plant in order to establish an acceptable methodology that can be used to compare water usage in power plants with and without CO₂ capture. This can provide a baseline set of cases and water loss data for assessing potential improvements and evaluating R&D programs.The purposes of the study, therefore, include:  <ul><li> A review and assessment of the available information of water usage from power plants such as PC, IGCC and NGCC with or without CO₂ capture from various previous studies done for IEA GHG, based on oxyfuel, pre- or post combustion CO₂ capture technologies.</li><li>A review and assessment of the available technologies that would allow reduction of water usage from power plants; </li><li>An evaluation and assessment of the applicable technologies for power plants with CO₂ capture in areas where water supplies could be severely limited.</li></ul>

Technical Review

Pressurisation and Brine Displacement - Issues for Deep Saline Formation CO₂ Storage

1 November 2010
Storage

Worldwide, deep saline formations are expected to store gigatonnes of CO₂ over the coming decades, making a significant contribution to greenhouse gas mitigation. At present, our experience of deep saline formation storage is limited to a small number of demonstration projects that have successfully injected megatonnes of captured CO₂. However, concerns have been raised over pressurization, and related brine displacement within and around deep saline formations, given the anticipated scale of future storage operations. This report aims to address these concerns and their origins in computational and analytical flow models. The report does not address the related impact of brine displacement on shallow potable groundwater, which is the subject of a separate IEAGHG study, to follow in 2011.

Technical Review

2nd High Temperature Solid Looping network meeting

1 November 2010
Capture
Event Proceedings

The second meeting on the high temperature solid looping network was held at the Netherlands energy research centre at Petten from 15-17th September 2010. Approximately 70 delegates attended the meeting of which about 25% were representing industry. 24 papers were presented and discussed during the event and in addition 7 posters were also on display. ECN is actively engaged in research in this area and delegates were able to see first hand the large pilot plant constructed under the EU framework 6 and CCP 2 CACHET project to demonstrate an integrated sorbent enhanced reforming and water gas shift process using multiple fixed beds. Also included in the site tour were ECN’s fluid bed biomass gasification pilot plants, the latest of which is a large 0.8 MW unit large enough to operate without external heat jacketing to compensate for heat losse

Technical Review

Geothermal Energy and CO₂ Storage

1 August 2010
Storage

This report summarises the main issues related to potential conflicts and possible synergies between geothermal activities and CO2 geological storage, for the purpose of finding what further research into this area will be necessary and what further steps could be taken by IEAGHG. The majority of the information in the report is largely based on a conference held by the GFZ in Potsdam on Geothermal Energy and CO2 Storage: Synergy or Competition, which was largely focussed on European issues and did not cover an overall global perspective. There are two principal types of geothermal energy, the traditional hydrothermal, which mines heat using the in-situ geothermal waters and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), where alternate methods are used to mine the heat. This can involve the fracturing of a low permeability rock to increase fluid flow, as in a Hot Dry Rock System.

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