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CO₂stCap (Cutting Cost of CO₂ Capture in Process Industry)

1 November 2019
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The CO₂StCap project (Cutting Cost of CO₂ Capture in Process Industry), led by SINTEF, was a research initiative (2015-2019) funded by the Norwegian CLIMIT-Demo programme via Gassnova and the Swedish Energy Agency. The CO₂StCap research partners were SINTEF, the University of South-Eastern Norway, Chalmers University of Technology, RISE, and Swerim AB. The industries involved were SSAB, Elkem AS, Norcem Brevik AS, and AGA Gas AB. IEAGHG and GCCSI supported the project. The CO₂StCap project investigated CO₂ partial capture configurations for cement, pulp and paper, steel, and silicon for solar cells industries. The CO₂ capture technology investigated in this project was a MEA-based chemical absorption system, which includes an optimized rich-solvent splitting and absorber inter-stage cooling. The capture rates considered are dependent on the inputs of the specific cases, such as plant characteristics, CO2 stacks, CO2 concentration in the flue-gas to be treated, and supply of heat/energy. The CO₂StCap project contained a transparent cost assessment, which includes the capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) for retrofitting cases. The main cost metric used in this study is the CO₂ capture cost (€/tonne of CO₂ captured) and the main elements are described in detail. Steam generation for the CO₂ capture system was identified as a key cost element. The steam sources investigated were: steam produced from the excess heat; from a new boiler; and from a low-pressure bleed from existing steam cycles. Other key cost elements identified in this study are the plant lifetime and rate of return. The CO₂StCap project also investigated the use of biomass in different sectors and hydrogen in the steel industry.

Technical Review

Guide to Front End Engineering Design studies for selected CO₂ Capture and Storage Projects

1 September 2019
Capture
Storage

This review aims to assess the current understanding on reducing emissions from flaring in the oil and gas industry and to review literature on both the quantification of emissions and current mitigation strategies. IEAGHG published a technical review 2017-TR7 (Oct 2017) which studied emissions along the natural gas supply chain but flaring emissions were not included. This review aims to follow on from 2017-TR7 as a supplementary review on flaring emissions.

Technical Review

CCU Technology Review Synthesis

1 March 2018
Utilisation

Based on the backdrop outlined, the overall aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of the potential of CCU technologies to contribute towards climate change mitigation objectives (i.e. by reducing emissions of anthropogenic CO₂ to the atmosphere).

Technical Review

2nd International Workshop on Offshore Geologic CO₂ Storage

1 November 2017
Event Proceedings
Storage

This second workshop built on the conclusions and recommendations from the first workshop in 2016 by continuing the theme of ‘how to do’, and including sessions on how to find storage, monitoring developments, CO2-EOR potential offshore, and infrastructure options, with presentations from Norway, the UK, the Netherlands, Australia, South Africa and Japan. New to all attendees were presentations on the US Department of Energy (DOE) -supported US projects looking at offshore storage in sedimentary basins in the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic and in basalts in the northern Pacific. Conclusions and recommendations were agreed, with a certain focus on infrastructure issues with the aim of engaging with operators of offshore infrastructure to make them aware of the opportunities from CCS and CO2-EOR.

Technical Review

Gas Supply Chain Emissions

1 October 2017
Industry Insights

This technical review has been undertaken with the aim of providing a summary of the current status of research into greenhouse gas emissions in the natural gas supply chain. Although 90% or more of the CO2 produced at gas fired power plants can be captured, emissions from the supply chain may reduce the near-zero-emission image of gas as an energy source. Emissions are predominantly from two sources: <ol> <li>Methane emissions during production and also fugitive emissions during transport.</li> <li>CO2 emissions from gas production installations, gas purification plants, pipeline compressors, LNG liquefaction plants, ships and receiving terminals.</li> </ol>

Technical Review

Peer Review of US RCSP Phase III Projects

1 September 2017
Storage

The 2017 international independent expert review of the RCSP had the following aims: <ol> <li>To follow up progress in addressing the recommendations of the third review in 2013, both in terms of the overall RCSP and individual regional partnerships and their Phase III projects;</li> <li>To assess the progress on the individual Phase III projects (7) and consider whether the proposed technical work program for each project has achieved its goals and those of the overall RCSP. Each project was expected to respond to the recommendations made in the previous review in 2013 and whether any subsequent modifications to project plans had achieved their desired effect;</li> <li>To assess results and key findings from the Phase III tests across the RCSP;</li> <li>To assess the overall technical program of the RCSP, address the synergies between the 7 Phase III projects and how they complement each other and how collectively they can provide a technical basis for future commercial scale projects in the USA;</li> <li>To assess how the RCSP compares, complements and contrasts with similar projects underway worldwide and how the information from these projects can help build an international knowledge base on CO2 capture and storage.</li> </ol>

Technical Review

ReCAP Project Understanding Cost of Retrofitting

1 August 2017
Costs of CCUS
Industry Insights

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the cost of retrofitting CO₂ capture in a range of refinery types typical of those found in Europe. These included bo0th simple and high complexity refineries covering typical European refinery capacities from 100,000 to 350,000 bbl/d. The assessments performed in this report focused on retrofit costs including modifications in the refineries, interconnections, and additional CHP and utility facilities. The main focus of the study was on CO₂ capture from refinery Base Case 4, which was considered to be the most relevant reference for existing European refineries of interest for CO₂ capture retrofit. Considering the large number of cases (16) and their complexity, a hybrid methodology is used to evaluate the cost of the sections (CO₂ capture and compression, utilities, and interconnecting) of the concept. In this approach, four of the 16 capture cases were selected to represent a wide range of CO₂ capture capacity and flue gas CO₂ content. In each case, detailed assessments were undertaken. These detailed cost assessments form, based on subsequent scaling, the basis for the assessment of the other cases. The scaling equations have a larger purpose in that they can be used by refineries/policy experts to evaluate capital costs of retrofitting CO₂ capture to refineries of interest.

Technical Review

CCS Industry Build-Out Rates – Comparison with Industry Analogues

1 June 2017
Industry Insights

This study compares the anticipated CCS build-out rates with those achieved in other sectors, where comparable technologies in those sectors have been used as analogues. In particular, it addresses whether the build-out rates for CCS, as depicted in Figure ES.1, are tenable, i.e. whether the claimed build out is possible once the programme is up and underway. It does not attempt to address the timing of when the build-out would begin or, more particularly, the veracity of the timing of the start of build-out as depicted in Figure ES.1.

Technical Review

Evaluating the Costs of Retrofitting CO₂

1 April 2017
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The purpose of this report is to present a reference document that describes the technical basis and key assumptions to be used in evaluating the performance of the integrated oil refinery without and with CO2 capture. The engineering and design basis, and various assumptions on feedstock, additives, products and by-products, and the specification of the CO2 that are outlined in this report will be used as a reference for developing the refinery configurations to be developed in the study which will be published once the project is completed. Where applicable, information retrieved from IEAGHG document “Criteria for Technical and Economic Assessment of Plants with Low CO2 Emissions” Version C-6, March 2014, are included.

Technical Review

Reference data and Supporting Literature Reviews for SMR Based Hydrogen Production with CCS

1 March 2017
Capture
Industry Insights

Over the past years a number of demonstration CCS projects have been developed around the world with the aim to provide valuable information, assist in the design of large CO2 capture plants and to advance the understanding of CO2 behaviour in the subsurface. The objectives of the CCS demonstration projects can be summarized as follows:   <ul> <li>Demonstrating the technical feasibility of a particular technology</li> <li>Gaining operational experience and economic information</li> <li>Gathering data to support the development of large scale projects</li></ul>   The purpose of this technical review is to provide an overview of the major on-going Demo CCS projects applied to SMR Hydrogen Plants with a focus on the CO2 capture system. In particular, the technical approach used for the design and execution of the Demo Plants and the relevant peculiarities are outlined.

Technical Review

Ethane and CO₂ shipping

1 March 2017
Transport

The study is a first stage assessment of a novel concept of transporting ethane from the USA in dedicated maritime carriers to Europe, which are modified from standard designs to be equipped to carry both ethane and CO2, so that CO2 can be transported back (back hauled) to the USA for use in CO₂-EOR operations.

Technical Review

Review of CO₂ Storage Basalts

1 January 2017
Storage

This technical review has been undertaken with the aim of providing a high level overview of the current status of basalts as an option for the geological storage of CO₂. The review also includes a short section on the storage potential of ultramafic rocks. Two high profile sites, CarbFix in Iceland and the Wallula project in Washington State have both injected and monitored CO₂ storage in basalts since 2012 and research has recently been published for both sites. Basalts are important storage sites to consider for CCS as they comprise approximately 10% of the Earth’s surface and are often located in areas where no other storage options exist. Basalts have a high weight percentage of Ca, Mg and Fe rich minerals which react with CO₂ to form carbonates. At the pilot projects Wallula and CarbFix, in-situ carbonisation has been proven to occur and within much shorter timescales than initially predicted. In conventional deep sandstone aquifer storage sites, CO₂ remains buoyant for 1,000s to 100,000s of years and consequently this form of storage relies predominately on structural and solution trapping within the reservoirs to prevent CO₂ leakage.

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