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IEAGHG Monitoring Network Virtual Discussion Panel

25 September 2020
Event Proceedings
Storage

This discussion panel was held by webinar on Wednesday 12th August at 10pm BST, with the theme of engaging regulators, looking at ‘Regulation, Industry and Research - Translating Monitoring Research to Meet Commercial Needs’. The panellists comprised different CO₂ storage monitoring stakeholders; operators, regulators and researchers and attendees were asked to submit questions for the panellists to consider prior to the event, of which over 120 were received. 70 participants joined the event, in addition to the 8 panellists involved.The aim of the panel was to discuss the translation of CO₂ geological storage monitoring research into regulations and commercial-scale projects. It began with a scene setting presentation and framing questions with in-depth and thoughtful discussion with operator, regulator and research representatives from the US, Australia, and Norway.This discussion panel was an ideal opportunity for all stakeholders actively engaged in CO₂ geological storage projects and practical research in monitoring to share and learn about how the information from research and our Monitoring Networks can be used to meet commercial needs.

Technical Review

4th International Workshop on Offshore Geologic CO₂ Storage

30 April 2020
Event Proceedings
Storage

The 4th International Workshop on Offshore Geologic CO₂ Storage was held 11-12 February 2020, hosted by the University of Bergen in conjunction with the EU-Funded STEMM-CCS project in Norway. The workshop addressed how to develop CCS projects with offshore storage and built on the recommendations and topics raised at the previous workshops. The aim of the workshop series is to facilitate sharing of knowledge and experiences among those who are doing offshore CO₂ storage and those who are interested, and to facilitate international collaboration on projects. Over 150 attendees from 18 countries participated in this 4th workshop.

Technical Review

Agenda Workshop on Hydrogen Production with CCS

21 February 2020
Capture
Event Proceedings

Hydrogen is a key raw material to other energy intensive industries. Globally, nearly 90% of the hydrogen produced industrially is consumed by the ammonia, methanol and oil refining industries. Moreover, hydrogen could soon play a significant role in the decarbonisation of power, space heating (i.e. industrial, commercial, building and residential heating) and transport fuel (i.e. use of fuel cell vehicles). Although the steam methane reformer route (SMR) is the leading technology for H2 production from natural gas or light hydrocarbons, there are other mature and emerging alternatives. Similarly, while increasing the process efficiency has shown a CO₂ emissions reduction of nearly 10%, CCS has been identified as a key strategy to cut down CO₂ emissions from hydrogen production. Against this background the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) decided to map activities on hydrogen production with CCS in member states and elsewhere. One conclusion of that exercise was to hold workshop with other organisations. A steering committee was formed to organise this workshop, held on November 6th 2019, and hosted by EDF and Club CO₂. This workshop was held for one day, devoted to a plenary session addressing three general topics, and including 90 attendees from 19 countries. Each session included several invited presentations, followed by a discussion among the workshop attendees. This document presents brief summaries of the three plenary sessions topics and one break-out session where all attendees were able to contribute.

Technical Review

Integrated GHG accounting guidelines for CCUS

1 November 2019
Policy & Regulation

This report sets out accounting guidelines for measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and emissions reduction effects arising from technologies involving carbon dioxide capture, utilisation and geological storage (CCUS).The guidelines apply a project- and product-based approach to measure GHG emission reduction effects, based on comparing the emissions for a CCUS activity with the emissions from a comparable activity delivering the same product or service.A modular approach is applied. Firstly, users calculate the GHG effects arising from the capture (and transport) of CO₂ based on the avoided emissions from providing the same service or product as output from the CO₂ source facility, but without CO₂ capture.The resulting estimate of GHG effects from CO₂ capture is carried forward to the utilisation or storage step. In this subsequent step, the GHG emissions from providing the same service without using captured CO₂ is estimated and compared to the GHG emissions of providing the service using captured CO₂. This provides an overall estimate of the cradle-to-gate GHG effect of CCUS activities.Additional guidance is provided on cradle-to-grave assessment, although this is not the primary focus of these guidelines – the Guidelines focus on annualised GHG emissions accounting cycles rather than whole life emissions analysis.

Technical Review

CO₂stCap (Cutting Cost of CO₂ Capture in Process Industry)

1 November 2019
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The CO₂StCap project (Cutting Cost of CO₂ Capture in Process Industry), led by SINTEF, was a research initiative (2015-2019) funded by the Norwegian CLIMIT-Demo programme via Gassnova and the Swedish Energy Agency. The CO₂StCap research partners were SINTEF, the University of South-Eastern Norway, Chalmers University of Technology, RISE, and Swerim AB. The industries involved were SSAB, Elkem AS, Norcem Brevik AS, and AGA Gas AB. IEAGHG and GCCSI supported the project. The CO₂StCap project investigated CO₂ partial capture configurations for cement, pulp and paper, steel, and silicon for solar cells industries. The CO₂ capture technology investigated in this project was a MEA-based chemical absorption system, which includes an optimized rich-solvent splitting and absorber inter-stage cooling. The capture rates considered are dependent on the inputs of the specific cases, such as plant characteristics, CO2 stacks, CO2 concentration in the flue-gas to be treated, and supply of heat/energy. The CO₂StCap project contained a transparent cost assessment, which includes the capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) for retrofitting cases. The main cost metric used in this study is the CO₂ capture cost (€/tonne of CO₂ captured) and the main elements are described in detail. Steam generation for the CO₂ capture system was identified as a key cost element. The steam sources investigated were: steam produced from the excess heat; from a new boiler; and from a low-pressure bleed from existing steam cycles. Other key cost elements identified in this study are the plant lifetime and rate of return. The CO₂StCap project also investigated the use of biomass in different sectors and hydrogen in the steel industry.

Technical Review

Guide to Front End Engineering Design studies for selected CO₂ Capture and Storage Projects

1 September 2019
Capture
Storage

This review aims to assess the current understanding on reducing emissions from flaring in the oil and gas industry and to review literature on both the quantification of emissions and current mitigation strategies. IEAGHG published a technical review 2017-TR7 (Oct 2017) which studied emissions along the natural gas supply chain but flaring emissions were not included. This review aims to follow on from 2017-TR7 as a supplementary review on flaring emissions.

Technical Review

CCU Technology Review Synthesis

1 March 2018
Utilisation

Based on the backdrop outlined, the overall aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of the potential of CCU technologies to contribute towards climate change mitigation objectives (i.e. by reducing emissions of anthropogenic CO₂ to the atmosphere).

Technical Review

2nd International Workshop on Offshore Geologic CO₂ Storage

1 November 2017
Event Proceedings
Storage

This second workshop built on the conclusions and recommendations from the first workshop in 2016 by continuing the theme of ‘how to do’, and including sessions on how to find storage, monitoring developments, CO2-EOR potential offshore, and infrastructure options, with presentations from Norway, the UK, the Netherlands, Australia, South Africa and Japan. New to all attendees were presentations on the US Department of Energy (DOE) -supported US projects looking at offshore storage in sedimentary basins in the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic and in basalts in the northern Pacific. Conclusions and recommendations were agreed, with a certain focus on infrastructure issues with the aim of engaging with operators of offshore infrastructure to make them aware of the opportunities from CCS and CO2-EOR.

Technical Review

Gas Supply Chain Emissions

1 October 2017
Industry Insights

This technical review has been undertaken with the aim of providing a summary of the current status of research into greenhouse gas emissions in the natural gas supply chain. Although 90% or more of the CO2 produced at gas fired power plants can be captured, emissions from the supply chain may reduce the near-zero-emission image of gas as an energy source. Emissions are predominantly from two sources: <ol> <li>Methane emissions during production and also fugitive emissions during transport.</li> <li>CO2 emissions from gas production installations, gas purification plants, pipeline compressors, LNG liquefaction plants, ships and receiving terminals.</li> </ol>

Technical Review

Peer Review of US RCSP Phase III Projects

1 September 2017
Storage

The 2017 international independent expert review of the RCSP had the following aims: <ol> <li>To follow up progress in addressing the recommendations of the third review in 2013, both in terms of the overall RCSP and individual regional partnerships and their Phase III projects;</li> <li>To assess the progress on the individual Phase III projects (7) and consider whether the proposed technical work program for each project has achieved its goals and those of the overall RCSP. Each project was expected to respond to the recommendations made in the previous review in 2013 and whether any subsequent modifications to project plans had achieved their desired effect;</li> <li>To assess results and key findings from the Phase III tests across the RCSP;</li> <li>To assess the overall technical program of the RCSP, address the synergies between the 7 Phase III projects and how they complement each other and how collectively they can provide a technical basis for future commercial scale projects in the USA;</li> <li>To assess how the RCSP compares, complements and contrasts with similar projects underway worldwide and how the information from these projects can help build an international knowledge base on CO2 capture and storage.</li> </ol>

Technical Review

ReCAP Project Understanding Cost of Retrofitting

1 August 2017
Costs of CCUS
Industry Insights

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the cost of retrofitting CO₂ capture in a range of refinery types typical of those found in Europe. These included bo0th simple and high complexity refineries covering typical European refinery capacities from 100,000 to 350,000 bbl/d. The assessments performed in this report focused on retrofit costs including modifications in the refineries, interconnections, and additional CHP and utility facilities. The main focus of the study was on CO₂ capture from refinery Base Case 4, which was considered to be the most relevant reference for existing European refineries of interest for CO₂ capture retrofit. Considering the large number of cases (16) and their complexity, a hybrid methodology is used to evaluate the cost of the sections (CO₂ capture and compression, utilities, and interconnecting) of the concept. In this approach, four of the 16 capture cases were selected to represent a wide range of CO₂ capture capacity and flue gas CO₂ content. In each case, detailed assessments were undertaken. These detailed cost assessments form, based on subsequent scaling, the basis for the assessment of the other cases. The scaling equations have a larger purpose in that they can be used by refineries/policy experts to evaluate capital costs of retrofitting CO₂ capture to refineries of interest.

Technical Review

CCS Industry Build-Out Rates – Comparison with Industry Analogues

1 June 2017
Industry Insights

This study compares the anticipated CCS build-out rates with those achieved in other sectors, where comparable technologies in those sectors have been used as analogues. In particular, it addresses whether the build-out rates for CCS, as depicted in Figure ES.1, are tenable, i.e. whether the claimed build out is possible once the programme is up and underway. It does not attempt to address the timing of when the build-out would begin or, more particularly, the veracity of the timing of the start of build-out as depicted in Figure ES.1.

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