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Robert Davidson.
Citation: IEAGHG, "Post Combustion capture – Solid Sorbents and Membranes", 2009-02, February 2009.
The aim of much of this research is cost reduction: to find a process that is cheaper than solvent scrubbing processes. NETL has produced a figure which plots the cost reduction benefits against the time to commercialisation, although both the benefits and the time are not specified (Figueroa and others, 2008).This report follows on from that on solvent scrubbing for post-combustion carbon capture from coal-fired power plants by considering the use of solid sorbents and membranes instead of solvents. First, mesoporous and microporous adsorbents are discussed: carbon-based adsorbents, zeolites, hydrotalcites and porous crystals. Attempts have been made to improve the performance of the porous adsorbent by functionalising them with nitrogen groups and specifically, amine groups to react with CO₂ and thus enhance the physical adsorption properties. Dry, regenerable solid sorbents have attracted a good deal of research. Most of the work has been on the carbonation/calcination cycle of natural limestone but there have also been studies of other calcium-based sorbents and alkali metal-based sorbents. Membranes have also been studied as potential post-combustion capture devices. Finally, techno-economic studies predicting the economic performance of solid sorbents and membranes are discussed
The preparation of this report has revealed the considerable weight of research activities into solid sorbents and membrane systems for post-combustion CO₂ capture. Simple porous solid sorbents such as activated carbons and zeolites are probably not well-suited to post-combustion CO₂ capture. Their CO₂ capacities and their CO₂/N2 selectivities are not very high and they would need to use expensive pressure swing adsorption processes or variants of PSA. The much higher CO₂ capacity metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives look promising but are at an early stage of development. They would need to be produced quite cheaply on a very large scale to be used for CO₂ capture in power plants and they need to be proven to work with real flue gases
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