Guidance for Agreements to Transport CO2 Across National Boundaries Under the London Protocol

CO2 Transport and Storage Cost Review

• 9 October 2025
• Costs of CCUS
• Storage
• Transport

The objective of the study was to review publicly available information on CO2 transport and storage (T&S) costs, to provide insights into how typical cost estimates are built up and to inform on areas of risk. Current information on T&S costs and the need for new or improved data would be explored.

Market Models for CCUS/CDR – A Global Screening

• 10 September 2025
• Industry Insights
• Policy & Regulation

This report provides a key pillar to interested parties including policy makers, regulators, and the technical carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) / carbon dioxide removal (CDR) community on potential successful market strategies, including their pros and cons and their suitability for dierent economic and political realities, which may lead to the fast development of an efficient, safe, and accepted CCUS/CDR market sector.

CO2 Flow Metering Technologies

• 4 September 2025
• Policy & Regulation
• Transport

The main objective of this study is to raise awareness of the relevance, state of the art, challenges and opportunities of flow metering for carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS). Flow metering of CO2 streams will be critical in supporting trade, protecting consumers, ensuring confidence, facilitating taxation, and meeting CO2 reduction goals and treaty obligations.

Measurement, reporting and verification and accounting for carbon dioxide removal in the context of both project-based approaches and national greenhouse gas inventories

• 15 October 2024
• Industry Insights
• Policy & Regulation

Managing the transition of depleted oil and gas fields to CO₂ storage

• 12 August 2024
• Policy & Regulation
• Storage

This work provides a careful and thorough exploration of the major issues involved in the transfer of use of a field from hydrocarbon extraction to CO₂ storage, to identify both the pros and cons of such a transition.

IEAGHG workshop on comparative technoeconomic assessment of commercially available CO₂ conditioning technologies

• 29 July 2024
• Event Proceedings
• Transport

The workshop aimed to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and insights among a panel of international experts on CO₂ conditioning, with the goal of informing the scope of a technical specification for a comprehensive IEAGHG report.

International Standards and Testing for Novel Carbonaceous Building Materials

• 1 December 2023
• Policy & Regulation
• Utilisation

Over 4 billion tonnes of cement are produced each year, equating to approximately 8% of global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, and this industry will continue to grow with the expansion of the built environment at a time that emissions need to be reduced. The utilisation or reduction of CO₂ within cement, concrete and building materials could be a valuable way to contribute to emissions reductions in the sector , but there are several barriers, including the current state of standards, regulations and policies. This study will provide useful information for the technical and research community, the CCUS industry, the construction industry, and policymakers, providing an unbiased and non-prescriptive evaluation of international standards and testing relevant to novel carbonaceous building materials to address some of those barriers. The market potential for CO₂ utilisation processes in the construction industry is also investigated, and the methods for certifying and measuring embodied carbon content of carbonated building materials is evaluated and the challenges therein.

Components of CCS Infrastructure – Interim CO₂ Holding Options

• 27 November 2023
• Storage
• Transport

This work, undertaken on behalf of IEAGHG by TNO and SINTEF, provides an overview of temporary / interim CO₂ storage, or ‘holding’, options (also called buffers) and investigates the role of buffer storage and its potential to create flexible and robust carbon capture and storage (CCS) chains. The report looks at current and emerging buffer technologies, conducts simulations to demonstrate the temporary storage required for given flow-rate scenarios and discusses the impact of buffer capacity on transport costs. In the report, the storage requested in the chain for normal operation is presented as " temporary storage" and storage to give buffer capacity is presented as " buffer storage". This report has focussed on buffering at the emitter site. The results of this study will benefit CO₂ storage site project developers, operators, financiers and regulators.

Integrating CCS in international cooperation and carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

• 18 January 2023
• Policy & Regulation

This work assesses the status of and outlooks for international cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and considers how approaches could support the deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). It provides an up-to-date look at the Article 6 rules, the types of markets and mechanisms that could evolve, and the units that could be traded. It then considers how Article 6 could apply to CCS through linked emissions trading systems, crediting systems and alternative approaches.