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CO₂ Migration in the Overburden

1 August 2017
Storage

This report documents the subsurface processes that may enable CO₂ to potentially migrate from the storage reservoir to within the overburden sequence. The potential rates of migration for each migration pathway and the implications for leakage are discussed. Secondary trapping mechanisms within the overburden are also discussed within the report. The conclusions are focused on tying overburden characteristics to their impact on developing risk assessments. As well as specific pathway structures, five CO₂ storage projects were selected for this review and the characteristics of the overburden sequence that promote trapping and hinder migration at each site are a summarised. The projects chosen were the offshore Sleipner and Snøhvit CO₂ storage projects, the planned storage site in the Goldeneye Field, the onshore Ketzin pilot CO₂ injection project in Germany and the Field Research Station in Canada.

Technical Review

ReCAP Project Understanding Cost of Retrofitting

1 August 2017
Costs of CCUS
Industry Insights

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the cost of retrofitting CO₂ capture in a range of refinery types typical of those found in Europe. These included bo0th simple and high complexity refineries covering typical European refinery capacities from 100,000 to 350,000 bbl/d. The assessments performed in this report focused on retrofit costs including modifications in the refineries, interconnections, and additional CHP and utility facilities. The main focus of the study was on CO₂ capture from refinery Base Case 4, which was considered to be the most relevant reference for existing European refineries of interest for CO₂ capture retrofit. Considering the large number of cases (16) and their complexity, a hybrid methodology is used to evaluate the cost of the sections (CO₂ capture and compression, utilities, and interconnecting) of the concept. In this approach, four of the 16 capture cases were selected to represent a wide range of CO₂ capture capacity and flue gas CO₂ content. In each case, detailed assessments were undertaken. These detailed cost assessments form, based on subsequent scaling, the basis for the assessment of the other cases. The scaling equations have a larger purpose in that they can be used by refineries/policy experts to evaluate capital costs of retrofitting CO₂ capture to refineries of interest.

Technical Report

Proceedings of US DOE Workshop

1 June 2017
Event Proceedings

The aim of the workshop was to review the representation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advanced fossil technologies in integrated assessment models (IAMs). IAMs are computer models and can range in the mathematical methods that underpin them, but largely they incorporate representations of the energy system, the economy and earth systems into one IAM. These computational models are then used at global, national and city scales to gain insights into energy and economic system dynamics under various constraints, e.g. from government policy, from socio-economics and from the environment. IAMs are widely used in energy and climate change mitigation scenario analysis to develop technology roadmaps and inform policy pathways.

Technical Review

CCS Industry Build-Out Rates – Comparison with Industry Analogues

1 June 2017
Industry Insights

This study compares the anticipated CCS build-out rates with those achieved in other sectors, where comparable technologies in those sectors have been used as analogues. In particular, it addresses whether the build-out rates for CCS, as depicted in Figure ES.1, are tenable, i.e. whether the claimed build out is possible once the programme is up and underway. It does not attempt to address the timing of when the build-out would begin or, more particularly, the veracity of the timing of the start of build-out as depicted in Figure ES.1.

Technical Review

Evaluating the Costs of Retrofitting CO₂

1 April 2017
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The purpose of this report is to present a reference document that describes the technical basis and key assumptions to be used in evaluating the performance of the integrated oil refinery without and with CO2 capture. The engineering and design basis, and various assumptions on feedstock, additives, products and by-products, and the specification of the CO2 that are outlined in this report will be used as a reference for developing the refinery configurations to be developed in the study which will be published once the project is completed. Where applicable, information retrieved from IEAGHG document “Criteria for Technical and Economic Assessment of Plants with Low CO2 Emissions” Version C-6, March 2014, are included.

Technical Review

Ethane and CO₂ shipping

1 March 2017
Transport

The study is a first stage assessment of a novel concept of transporting ethane from the USA in dedicated maritime carriers to Europe, which are modified from standard designs to be equipped to carry both ethane and CO2, so that CO2 can be transported back (back hauled) to the USA for use in CO₂-EOR operations.

Technical Review

Reference data and Supporting Literature Reviews for SMR Based Hydrogen Production with CCS

1 March 2017
Capture
Industry Insights

Over the past years a number of demonstration CCS projects have been developed around the world with the aim to provide valuable information, assist in the design of large CO2 capture plants and to advance the understanding of CO2 behaviour in the subsurface. The objectives of the CCS demonstration projects can be summarized as follows: Demonstrating the technical feasibility of a particular technology Gaining operational experience and economic information Gathering data to support the development of large scale projects The purpose of this technical review is to provide an overview of the major on-going Demo CCS projects applied to SMR Hydrogen Plants with a focus on the CO2 capture system. In particular, the technical approach used for the design and execution of the Demo Plants and the relevant peculiarities are outlined.

Technical Report

Techno - Economic Evaluation of SMR Based Standalone (Merchant) Hydrogen Plant with CCS

1 February 2017
Capture
Costs of CCUS

This study aimed to provide baseline information presenting the performance and costs of incorporating the CO2 capture technologies to a SMR based hydrogen plant operating as merchant plant (as a standalone plant). The basis of the design of the hydrogen production process are presented in the main report. These are briefly described in this overview. The selection of technology options for CO2 capture is based on the available information and performance data that could be provided by equipment manufacturers and suppliers.

Technical Report

Techno-Economic Evaluation of HYCO Plant Integrated to Ammonia / Urea or Methanol Production with CCS

1 February 2017
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The ammonia and methanol industry is an allied industry very related to the production of hydrogen or HyCO gas. Globally, around 60% of the produced hydrogen is consumed by these industries. Outside China, production of these chemicals from natural gas is predominant. In fact, the production of ammonia and methanol is always an important strategy on how natural gas assets are monetised. An important aspects of this study is to demonstrate how an SMR based hydrogen/HyCO production is integrated to an industrial complex. Furthermore, it is essential to understand the different aspects of the production process and how will it be affected when additional CO2 is captured from the SMR’s flue gas. IEAGHG has commissioned this study to evaluate the performance and cost of deploying CO2 capture and storage in mega-plants producing urea and methanol from natural gas as feedstock. The results presented in this study should form the basis of future studies in industrial CCS and CCU.

Technical Report

CO₂ Capture in Natural Gas Production by Adsorption Processes for CO₂ Storage, EOR and EGR

1 February 2017
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The aim of this work was to evaluate PSA processes for removal of CO₂ from NG at high pressure. For this, the study performed a techno-economic comparison of a PSA with an amine based solvent process and identified candidate materials for the PSA process.

Technical Report

Monitoring & Modelling Meeting

1 February 2017
Event Proceedings
Storage

The combined meeting of the IEAGHG Monitoring and Modelling Networks took place at the Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Innovation from the 6-8th July 2016. The meeting brought together leading experts from research and industry to discuss the latest work and developments, with around 60 participants from 11 countries participating.The theme for this meeting was ‘using the modelling-monitoring loop to demonstrate storage performance more effectively’. Sessions on monitoring included induced seismicity, novel monitoring techniques, monitoring costs, near-surface natural variability, monitoring CO2-EOR, wellbore integrity issues, modelling environmental conditions, updates from ongoing and closed projects, lessons from other industries, modelling reservoirs and overburden, pressure measurements and conformance in the monitoring modelling loop.

Technical Report

Case Studies of CO₂ Storage in Depleted Oil and Gas Fields

1 January 2017
Storage

CO₂ storage has now been tested at a number of demonstration sites around the world, including some depleted oil and gas reservoirs. The use of depleted reservoirs can offer some advantages because the geological characteristics that are pertinent to CO₂ storage, such as the distribution of porosity and permeability, have been pre-determined. Although depleted hydrocarbon fields can show strong evidence of fluid retention, there are risks associated with existing wellbores and the possibility of caprock deterioration. The aim of this study is to highlight key factors that influence CO2 storage in depleted oil and gas fields based on four detailed examples. Comparisons were made between storage operations in depleted fields (with or without enhanced hydrocarbon recovery) and storage in saline aquifers with the approaches required in modelling, monitoring, reporting, economics, and operational strategies. Fundamental differences in the reservoir pressure and risk profiles between the different storage sites have been explored. These studies have also allowed a comparative assessment to be made of the requirements for CO₂ storage projects from different geographic and regulatory regimes. The work was led by the British Geological Survey with support from the Gulf Coast Carbon Center based at the University of Texas at Austin.

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