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Current State of Knowledge Regarding the Risk of Induced Seismicity at CO₂ Storage Projects

1 January 2022
Storage

The primary objective of this study is to summarize the levels of induced seismicity observed in or near CO₂ storage sites, and the consequences of the induced seismicity in terms of impact on people, as well as the environment, assets and reputation of operators, authorities, and on CCS technology. A second objective is to gain an understanding on processes that industry and authorities employ to manage the risk of induced seismicity. A third objective is to present notable case studies where outreach measures have supported operators and regulators in managing concerns of stakeholders in connection with induced seismicity. The final task of the study is to identify current research and innovation trends to better manage the risk of induced seismicity.

Technical Report

Assessing the Techno-Economic Performance, Opportunities and Challenges of Mature and Nearly-mature Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs)

1 December 2021
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The aim of this study is to provide a transparent framework to evaluate the potential (in terms of sequestered and displaced carbon), and economics (in terms of cost of carbon avoided and removed) of a non-exhaustive selection of NETs pathways. Ecosystem and socio-economic impacts associated with their deployment is also quantified. The study sets out to help the carbon capture and storage (CCS) community in trying to gain a better understanding of the costs and value of NETs. It also helps the modelling community in being able to better model the role of NETs; and policy/decision makers in having more information on costs, value and scalability of NETs.

Technical Report

Global Assessment of Direct Air Capture Costs

1 December 2021
Capture
Costs of CCUS

This study aims to improve the current DACCS cost-performance evidence base by synthesising data from the recent literature and technology developers to explore the economic feasibility of different DACCS technologies (both liquid and solid based systems) across timescales, capacities, configurations, and numerous global siting factors. It also provides recommendations for the integrated assessment modelling (IAM) community and policymakers to inform next steps for DACCS implementation and deployment.

Technical Report

CO₂ as a Feedstock: Comparison of CCU Pathways

1 November 2021
Utilisation

The aim of this study is to present a holistic assessment of the viability (both technically and from a market perspective) of carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) routes and to identify areas of strength and weakness within individual routes, compare different CCU pathways, and identify common drivers, barriers, and enablers. The results of this study will be of interest to the technical community, as well as industry and manufacturers. The study assessed commodities across four different CCU categories (building materials, chemicals, polymers and fuels) regarding their mitigation potential, market uptake potential, technical scalability and other impacts.

Technical Report

CO₂ Utilisation: Hydrogenation Pathways

1 November 2021
Costs of CCUS
Utilisation

The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of select carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) routes based upon CO₂ conversion through hydrogenation, in terms of their climate change mitigation potential. The results of this study will be of interest to organisations/individuals involved with climate-change scenario modelling, as well as RD&D financial sponsors. The commodities selected for investigation were methanol, formic acid, and middle distillate hydrocarbons (synthetic fuels: diesel, gasoline, jet fuel), with a focus on catalytic hydrogenation pathways. Results of CO₂ emissions, costs and energy consumption for formic acid, however, will not be presented in detail in this Overview, as the analysis has shown that the abatement is limited to 2 MtCO₂ due to the small market size. (Results for formic acid are available in the full report.)

Technical Review

White Paper: Towards improved guidelines for cost evaluation of carbon capture and storage

11 August 2021
Costs of CCUS

One of the key barriers to the wide scale application of CCS is cost. Understanding the costs of CCS is essential to understand the role for and potential of CCS technology in addressing climate change, and for guidance in research activities aiming to reduce the cost and improve the performance of promising new CCS technologies in different applications. This white paper, entitled ‘Towards improved guidelines for cost evaluation of carbon capture and storage’, addresses three of the challenges that remain to establish reliable cost estimates for CCS technologies, namely: estimating the future “Nth-of-a-kind” (NOAK) cost of advanced technologies that are currently at early pre-commercial stages of development; improving existing guidelines for cost evaluation of CCS from industrial applications; and reviewing and providing guidance on available and emerging methods for uncertainty analysis in CCS techno-economic studies.

Technical Review

CCUS in national GHG inventories

28 June 2021
Policy & Regulation

This report builds upon previous IEAGHG studies on the topic of carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) in order to assess the potential of a portfolio of CCU technologies to contribute towards Japan’s climate change mitigation goals in 2030 and 2050.

Technical Review

IEAGHG Monitoring Network - ‘Monitoring Expertise Showcase for Post-Closure Monitoring’

23 April 2021
Event Proceedings
Storage

This was a little different from usual webinars, whereby the Steering Committee aimed for a more interactive and informal experience for the audience with a scenario-based exercise. Susan Hovorka (BEG at UTexas) introduced the hypothetical site scenario. She emphasised that the aim of the event was to learn about post-closure monitoring options, with an informal ‘game’ to engage panellists with the audience in thinking about CO2 storage sites and measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV). This is a hypothetical site with some gaps in the information, in reality the site characteristics would be much better understood for storage projects and months of planning would have been done prior to making any sort of decisions on monitoring programmes. The hypothetical site scenario is described in figure 1, below. This ‘site’ will be injecting for 25 years, into 50 metre thick sandstone at a depth of 1.5km.

Technical Review

Exporting CO₂ for Offshore Storage – The London Protocol’s Export Amendment and Associated Guidelines and Guidance

12 April 2021
Policy & Regulation
Storage

The London Convention and London Protocol are the global treaties that protect the marine environment from pollution caused by the dumping of wastes. Since 2006, the London Protocol has provided a basis in international environmental law to allow carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage beneath the seabed when it is safe to do so, and to regulate the injection of CO₂ into sub-seabed geological formations for permanent isolation. However, Article 6 of the London Protocol prohibits the export of waste or other matter for dumping in the marine environment. Therefore in 2019, Contracting Parties to the London Protocol adopted a resolution to allow provisional application of the 2009 amendment to Article 6 of the Protocol to allow export of CO₂ for storage in sub-seabed geological formations in advance of its ratification, which was progressing slowly.

Technical Report

Biorefineries with CCS

1 March 2021
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The aim of this study is to provide a techno-economic assessment of biorefinery concepts with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS) as well as a comparative assessment of 1st generation and 2nd generation biorefineries. The results of this study will be of interest to developers of biorefinery and CCS projects and policy makers.

Technical Review

IEAGHG Risk Management Network Webinar December 2020

25 January 2021
Event Proceedings
Storage

This webinar heard from the operators at Shell’s Quest project about their experiences with risk management at the project, which was followed by a panel discussion between representatives from leading CCS developers, as well as experts in the area of risk management.

Technical Report

CCS and the Sustainable Development Goals

15 December 2020
Policy & Regulation

The overall objective of this assessment was to improve the availability and accessibility of information regarding the relevance of CCS in contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The primary objective was achieved through the completion of three key goals: <ol> <li>Collation of existing information on impacts of CCS on specific targets of the 17 SDGs, using the rating, scoring and information assessment as per IPCC’s SR1.5,</li> <li>Articulation of specific gaps in information, and</li> </ol> Proposal of a path forward by providing a prioritised lists of gap closures.There is a growing body of literature orientated towards converting climate action into policies directed towards implementation of SDGs. There is also a trend of material becoming available examining the interaction of technologies and sectors against SDGs. CCS remains a complex technological solution to climate change, and public understanding of the technology remains low. This study can help to substantiate the wider value of CCS, but it can also highlight points of attention/action on potentially negative interactions with specific SDGs.

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