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Discover the latest advances carbon capture and storage research
The aim of this Network for Oxy-Fuel Combustion is to provide an international forum for organisations with interest in the development of Oxy-Fuel Combustion Technology to discuss various issues relevant to the development of the technology.
This report includes descriptions of cryogenic and membrane oxygen production processes, their components and their integration into power generation and synthesis gas production processes with CO₂ capture. Recent and potential future improvements in these oxygen production processes are discussed.The report was written by a consultant, Rodney Allam, formerly of Air Products. The report does not include information from confidential sources.
This study examines the design issues and costs of collecting CO₂ captured from multiple distributed sources down to quantities of 5000 tpa. It includes a spreadsheet model for sizing pipelines in a branched collection network with multiple pressure levels. This model also estimates overall collection costs including those for compression using unit costs for construction in the UK.
The primary purpose of this study is the evaluation of the technologies and the process alternatives that can be used in these complex power and hydrogen generation schemes to optimise efficiency and capital cost and reduce, at the same time, emissions to the atmosphere.Use of hydrogen storage is considered to match the hydrogen demand.
The study assesses the costs and performance of medium-scale CO₂ capture technologies The focus is on CO₂ capture from medium-scale power generation systems, from medium-scale systems for industrial heat production and from medium-scale combined heat and power systems. Other industrial processes which produce CO₂, such as cement, metallurgical and petrochemical processes are not considered in this study With respect to the size, we focus on novel technologies which will become available on the longer term, because it is expected that CO₂ is only likely to be captured from medium-scale sources when most large-scale capture opportunities have been exhausted. An exception is the MEA scrubbing technology which is currently used in industrial applications at a scale of 50 to 400 kt per year. The study only considers new systems and does not consider retrofit systems.
This report contains presentations on a variety of developments including updates on amines, use of ammonia as a solvent, a process for combining CO₂ and SO2 capture in one unit, a new solvent which facilitates phase separation and so reduces regeneration heat loads, and a set of reports on activities in different countries etc.
The potential use of solvents for carbon dioxide capture from the flue gas from coal fired power plants is reviewed. After an introduction to solvent absorption of CO₂, the use of alkanolamine solvents, particularly monoethanaloamine (MEA) is considered. The degradation of solvents in the flue gas environment and the consequent corrosion problems associated with the degradation products is then examined. The energy consumption for regeneration of the solvents is a key feature in determining the overall costs of solvent scrubbing. There is considerable research on alternative solvents to MEA which have higher capacity for CO₂ capture and lower energy consumption among other attributes. The design of the absorption contactors which facilitate the contact and interaction of the gas and liquid phases can also contribute to lowering the energy consumption of the overall process. Techno-economic studies, process modelling and simulation are also reviewed. Some details of existing demonstration and pilot plants and current national and international R&D programmes are given. Finally, the potential environmental aspects of the solvent scrubbing processes are briefly examined.
The purpose of this study is to review the technical options that may be available to retrofit a capture technology to the various configurations of power plants that may be built in coming years and to identify (a) necessary and (b) potentially economically attractive options for pre-investment in those plants to make retrofit economically feasible.
This report examines the frameworks for Environmental Impact assessment in use around the world and how adequate they will be for application to CCS projects. It also reviews the gaps in the knowledge which will be required to carry out effective assessments and projects future trends in the scope and application of EIA. Requirements for an internationally applicable framework for CCS projects are outlined.
The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme has issued reports assessing the cost of CO₂ capture technologies for power generation using all of the three main types of process, i.e. pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-combustion capture. A report has also been issued on the implications if other impurities are co-captured along with the CO₂. In most of the variants of these processes there is an economic or practical limit to the percentage of the CO₂ which can be captured. There has been increasing interest in recent years in the concept of “zero emission power generation” which would in essence be the complete 100% capture of all CO₂ and other emissions of gaseous components, principally the sulphur and nitrogen oxides. A study has thus been proposed, building on the previous work, to explore this concept in more depth. In formulating this study it is considered more appropriate to consider the concept as providing “near zero” emissions to the atmosphere since thermodynamic limitations make complete capture inappropriate for some of the contending processes.
Environmental impacts due to the capture of CO₂ at power plants occur directly and indirectly. Direct impacts results from the avoidance of CO₂ emission to air and can also occur due to changed emissions of NO2 and SOx as a consequence of CO₂ capture and the emissions of solvent and its degradation products. Indirectly, an increase of environmental impact is caused by the decreased thermal efficiency, which leads to a higher fuel use, the production and transport of solvents and additives and the disposal of solvent and degradation products. The scope of the present study covers both the direct and indirect environmental impact of CO₂ capture but transport and storage of CO₂ are excluded.
The aim of this report is to provide a critical review and comparison of the key technical and economic assumptions presented in published papers on bio-energy plants, principally those referenced in the IPCC SRCCS.
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