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Potential for Biomass and Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

1 July 2011
Capture

A contract for this study was awarded to Ecofys B. V. of the Netherlands. The aim of the study was to provide a global and regional assessment of potential for BE-CCS, identifying the main potential types of biomass, technologies applicable for energy conversion/process and whether CCS application is possible; considering deployment to target future scenarios; complimenting the IEAGHG study on ‘Techno-economic evaluation of biomass fired or co-fired power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture’. The contractor was asked to assess the net carbon balance for likely biomass CCS technology options, taking into account biomass supply chains and processing; to provide quantitative indications of the emissions performance potential; consider other potential greenhouse gas impacts such as land-use change, identifying any potential negative environmental consequences, such as non-sustainable biomass production; and consider deployment issues, in terms of policy and regulatory barriers and incentives.

Technical Report

IEAGHG Seminar on Control of Nitrosamine Formation in CO₂ Capture Plant: Report on Meeting

1 June 2011
Capture
Event Proceedings

This workshop was held aiming to answer the following questions: What inputs can we expect in terms of NO2 levels and amine quality? How to improve the reliability and plausibility of nitrosamine analysis? What level of accuracy is possible in nitrosamine detection? Which concentration of nitrosamine can be expected until the first reclaimer operation? How can nitrosamine levels be minimized? How likely is the formation of volatile nitrosamine? How can we move forward with providing reliable information to the public?

Technical Report

Retrofitting CO₂ Capture to Existing Power Plants

1 May 2011
Capture

The main purpose of this report is to examine, at a generic level, the scope for cutting CO2 emissions from suitable existing fossil fuel plants by retrofitting CCS to them, as an alternative to replacing them with new build fossil fuel plants with CCS. In this context it should be seen as a discussion of preliminary screening assessment methods to address the general issue of ‘under what conditions might it be worth considering retrofitting CCS to an existing fossil power plant, instead of replacing it by a new plant with CCS’? As a generic study though it cannot address either future costs for construction, fuel etc. or site- and region-specific questions that will govern the feasibility and cost of a specific retrofit project, although it does discuss some of the principles involved and examine sensitivities. Nor does it make comparisons with other options for emission reductions from a particular site, such as fuel switching from coal to gas.

Technical Review

Water Usage and Loss Analysis of Bituminous Coal Fired Power Plants with CO₂ Capture (5 volumes)

1 March 2011
Capture

IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) retained Foster Wheeler to investigate and evaluate water usage and loss of power in power plants with CO₂ capture. The work is developed thought the establishment of a rigorous accounting of water usage throughout the power plant in order to establish an acceptable methodology that can be used to compare water usage in power plants with and without CO₂ capture. This can provide a baseline set of cases and water loss data for assessing potential improvements and evaluating R&D programs.The purposes of the study, therefore, include:  <ul><li> A review and assessment of the available information of water usage from power plants such as PC, IGCC and NGCC with or without CO₂ capture from various previous studies done for IEA GHG, based on oxyfuel, pre- or post combustion CO₂ capture technologies.</li><li>A review and assessment of the available technologies that would allow reduction of water usage from power plants; </li><li>An evaluation and assessment of the applicable technologies for power plants with CO₂ capture in areas where water supplies could be severely limited.</li></ul>

Technical Review

2nd High Temperature Solid Looping network meeting

1 November 2010
Capture
Event Proceedings

The second meeting on the high temperature solid looping network was held at the Netherlands energy research centre at Petten from 15-17th September 2010. Approximately 70 delegates attended the meeting of which about 25% were representing industry. 24 papers were presented and discussed during the event and in addition 7 posters were also on display. ECN is actively engaged in research in this area and delegates were able to see first hand the large pilot plant constructed under the EU framework 6 and CCP 2 CACHET project to demonstrate an integrated sorbent enhanced reforming and water gas shift process using multiple fixed beds. Also included in the site tour were ECN’s fluid bed biomass gasification pilot plants, the latest of which is a large 0.8 MW unit large enough to operate without external heat jacketing to compensate for heat losse

Technical Review

What Have We Learnt from IEAGHG CO₂ Capture and CCS Generic Tehcnical Studies

1 August 2010
Capture
Industry Insights

This report is considered the 3rd in a series of reports summarizing the learning points from the different IEAGHG activities. This series of reports started by summarizing the learning points from the storage activities (report 2009/TR1, February 2009) and the CCS demonstration projects (report 2009/TR6, November 2009). This 3rd report summarises key learning points on CO₂ capture and generic CCS studies from Operating Phase 5 of the IEAGHG, which commenced in 2005 and effectively coincided with the publication of the IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (IPCC SRCCS). IEAGHG activities revolve mainly around contracted studies and organisation of the international research networks.

Technical Review

Workshop on Environmental Impact of Amine Emissions during Post-Combustion Capture

1 June 2010
Capture
Event Proceedings

The amine post combustion capture technology is based on washing the flue gas with a solvent that captures CO₂. Thus, a small fraction of this solvent will be released through the stack together with the cleaned flue gas. This release may cause environmental concerns both directly and indirectly through subsequent solvent degradation into other substances in the atmosphere. There is a clear lack of understanding of the characteristics of the used solvent and their degradation products, which are an additional concern. From the global prospective, it is clear that the activities in relation to this topic are limited and there is a clear need for cooperation and knowledge exchange between the different institutes. Therefore, the “Environmental Impact of Post Combustion Capture” workshop was held, primarily to share information on the environmental effect of using chemical solvents for capturing CO₂, associated with conventional combustion based fossil fuel fired power stations

Technical Review

Oxyfuel Combustion of Pulverised Coal

1 May 2010
Capture

In the IPCC (2005) special report oxyfuel combustion was described as a process that eliminates nitrogen from the flue gas by combusting a hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel in either pure oxygen or a mixture of pure oxygen and a CO₂-rich recycled flue gas. It was pointed out that combustion of a fuel with pure oxygen has a combustion temperature of about 3500/C which is far too high for typical power plant materials. The combustion temperature is limited to about 1900/C in an oxyfuel coal-fired boiler using current technology. The combustion temperature is controlled by the proportion of flue gas and gaseous or liquid water recycled back to the combustion chamber.

Technical Review

Environmental Evaluation of CCS Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

1 May 2010
Capture
Storage

In the last years several studies have investigated carbon capture and storage (CCS) from a life cycle perspective focussing on the environmental performance. Scope of this study is to compare systematically the different approaches of fifteen studies, to summarise the results, show the site specific differences, address methodological variations and formulate guidelines to assign the various conclusions gathered from the studies.

Technical Review

Workshop on Operating Flexibility of Power Plants with CCS

1 January 2010
Capture
Event Proceedings

This report is a summary of a workshop on the operating flexibility of power plants with CCS that was organised in November 2009 by IEAGHG in collaboration with Imperial College London. Operating flexibility is becoming recognised as an important issue for CCS plants but so far there has been relatively little discussion of the subject.The workshop included presentations by invited speakers followed by discussions sessions. The presentations focussed on electricity systems and CCS operating requirements, and modelling and operating experience of the flexibility of the three main CO2 capture techniques (pre-combustion, post combustion and oxy-combustion capture) and CO2 transport and storage.

Technical Review

International Network for CO₂ Capture: Report on 12th Meeting

1 January 2010
Capture
Event Proceedings

This report contains summaries of the presentations on a variety of developments including updates on amines, use of ammonia as a solvent, ionic liquids, solid sorbents, pilot plant and demonstration projects, modelling activities and environmental impacts of post combustion capture. In addition, the overall meeting evaluation and the major learning points from the meeting are summarised at the end of the report.

Technical Review

Corrosion and selection of materials for carbon capture and storage

1 January 2010
Capture
Storage

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG) has studied many aspects of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS). As part of this programme, the current study investigates the potential corrosion risks in the CCS processes and proposes suitable materials of construction to mitigate those risks. The scope of this study covers all aspects of the CCS systems, including the carbon capture plants, transport of CO₂ and injection wells.

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