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International Network for CO₂ Capture: Report on 12th Meeting

1 January 2010
Capture
Event Proceedings

This report contains summaries of the presentations on a variety of developments including updates on amines, use of ammonia as a solvent, ionic liquids, solid sorbents, pilot plant and demonstration projects, modelling activities and environmental impacts of post combustion capture. In addition, the overall meeting evaluation and the major learning points from the meeting are summarised at the end of the report.

Technical Review

Corrosion and selection of materials for carbon capture and storage

1 January 2010
Capture
Storage

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG) has studied many aspects of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS). As part of this programme, the current study investigates the potential corrosion risks in the CCS processes and proposes suitable materials of construction to mitigate those risks. The scope of this study covers all aspects of the CCS systems, including the carbon capture plants, transport of CO₂ and injection wells.

Technical Report

CCS Site Selection and Characterisation Criteria

1 December 2009
Capture
Storage

The I EA G reenhouse G as R &D P rogramme ( IEA GHG ) ha s recently co mmissioned the Alberta Research Council in Canada to conduct a review of storage site selection criteria and site ch aracterisation methods in o rder to produce a s ynthesis r eport. Among the va rious elements of the CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) chain, t he stage of storage site selection and characterisation is o f cr itical importance be cause any storage s ite m ust de monstrate that it satisfies three fundamental requirements: 1. capacity to store the intended volume of CO₂ 2. injectivity, to accept/take CO over the lifetime of the operation, 2 3. containment, to en sure t hat C O at the rate that it is supplied from the emitter(s), 2 will n ot m igrate an d/or leak out of t he s torage unit (safety and security of storage). This report reviews the literature on the subject on site selection and characterisation since the publication of the IPCC Special Report on CCS, and provides a synthesis and classification o f criteria.

Technical Report

Evaluation of Novel Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture Solvent Concepts

1 November 2009
Capture

The purpose of this review was to outline the current state of knowledge and provide an assessment of the following aspects: Process chemistry and kinetics, • Operational issues and major development issues,Qualitative evaluation of the performance of absorber and stripper column,Safety and Environmental Impact considerations.Technology maturity and reported time scale for commercialisation. Assessments were made to identify the potential benefits, challenges, and uncertainties regarding the three processes described. Also included in this report is a brief review of the current state of knowledge of Flour’s Econamine FG+ process which was used as a baseline case for performance comparison. All assessments made in this report were based on information made available in the open literature, supported by kinetic evaluations made at SINTEF’s laboratory.

Technical Report

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Biomass Fired or Co-Fired Power Plant with Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture

1 October 2009
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The study aimed to investigate options and evaluate the techno-economic performance of a biomass fired, or coal co-fired with biomass, power plant based on current state of the art boiler and steam generation equipment incorporating CO₂ capture technology. It is expected that the study should provide the performance of the plant assuming the need to capture at least 90% of the total CO₂ emissions. Currently, the state of the art largest standalone biomass fired combustion power plant (i.e. between 100 to 250 MWe net) offered commercially is based on circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology. In the mid-range (i.e. between 30 to 90MWe net), the commercially offered state of the art technology would be based on a bubbling bed fluidized bed (BFB) technology. For less than 50MWe net, a stoker fired (fixed bed) system is still considered competitive compared to any fluidized bed technology. For direct co firing of biomass and coal, the technical operating limit of co-firing biomass is about 10-20% of the total thermal input.

Technical Report

Safety in Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport and Storage

1 June 2009
Capture
Storage

Within the next few years it is expected that an increasing number of commercial-scale demonstrations of CO2 capture and storage technology will be built and brought into operation. Many aspects of the design of such facilities including issues relating to engineering design, environmental impacts, standards and permitting have been the subject of studies undertaken for the IEA GHG. So far no study has been dedicated specifically to the issue of safety in the above ground elements of CCS systems although such safety issues have been addressed to some extent in earlier studies. This study was designed specifically to examine the safety issues which are likely to arise when preparing safety cases and planning emergency procedures for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) projects

Technical Review

Partial Capture of CO₂

1 May 2009
Capture

This report is a brief review of the technology and costs of partial capture of CO₂. The report does not attempt to prescribe policies for mandating CO₂ capture and whether partial capture should be part of a policy for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. IEA GHG provides technical information which can be used by policy makers but it does not intend to be policy prescriptive

Technical Review

Criteria for Technical and Economic Assessment with Low CO₂ Emissions

1 May 2009
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) undertakes studies to assess technologies for abatement of greenhouse gas emissions. IEA GHG has concentrated on CO₂ Capture and Storage (CCS) applied to power generation but it has also assessed CCS in other industries and will compare the relative merits of CCS and alternative greenhouse gas abatement options. Soon after IEA GHG started operation in 1991 it produced a set of standard technical and economic criteria for assessment of power plants with capture to ensure that its studies are undertaken on a consistent basis, as far as possible. These criteria have continued to be used since then, with some minor modifications.

Technical Report

Post Combustion capture – Solid Sorbents and Membranes

1 February 2009
Capture

The aim of much of this research is cost reduction: to find a process that is cheaper than solvent scrubbing processes. NETL has produced a figure which plots the cost reduction benefits against the time to commercialisation, although both the benefits and the time are not specified (Figueroa and others, 2008).This report follows on from that on solvent scrubbing for post-combustion carbon capture from coal-fired power plants by considering the use of solid sorbents and membranes instead of solvents. First, mesoporous and microporous adsorbents are discussed: carbon-based adsorbents, zeolites, hydrotalcites and porous crystals. Attempts have been made to improve the performance of the porous adsorbent by functionalising them with nitrogen groups and specifically, amine groups to react with CO₂ and thus enhance the physical adsorption properties. Dry, regenerable solid sorbents have attracted a good deal of research. Most of the work has been on the carbonation/calcination cycle of natural limestone but there have also been studies of other calcium-based sorbents and alkali metal-based sorbents. Membranes have also been studied as potential post-combustion capture devices. Finally, techno-economic studies predicting the economic performance of solid sorbents and membranes are discussed

Technical Report

3rd Meeting of the Oxy-Combustion Network

1 November 2008
Capture
Event Proceedings

This report presents an overview of the workshop and summarises the current status of development of oxy-fuel combustion. The presentations and discussions at the workshop covered a wide range of topics looking at; on-going studies and experimental results, modelling studies, new developments in oxygen production and CO₂ processing, and identification of various issues relevant to the demonstration of oxy-fuel combustion technology.

Technical Report

Reduction of Residential Carbon Dioxide Emissions through the Use of small Cogeneration Fuel Cell Systems

1 November 2008
Capture

The study, comprising a literature review and desk-based assessment, aimed to produce a ‘high level’ overview of potential impacts on groundwater resources from storage operations, concentrating on DSF storage across a range of typical regional settings. The study also highlighted the current state of knowledge and/or gaps, recommending further research priorities where appropriate.

Technical Report

Novel Approaches to Improving the Performance of Carbon Dioxide Capture

1 September 2008
Capture

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) thus elected to undertake a study search for innovative new avenues for CO₂ capture which might lead to significant improvements in the cost of capture technology and reductions in the energy penalty. The brief was to search outside traditional fields of enquiry and break away from a classical Chemical Engineering process based approach.

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