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Discover the latest advances carbon capture and storage research

Financing Models and Policy Support for Regional CO2 Transport Infrastructure

3 September 2026
Policy & Regulation
Transport

International Carbon Dioxide Flows

30 July 2026
Policy & Regulation
Transport

International Carbon Dioxide Flows examines the drivers, barriers, and likely direction of cross-border CO₂ movement for permanent storage by 2035 and 2050.

Technical Report

Guidance for Agreements to Transport CO2 Across National Boundaries Under the London Protocol

19 March 2026
Policy & Regulation
Transport

This study sets out a process to support Parties in developing agreements for cross-border CO₂ transport under the London Protocol.

Technical Report

CO2 Transport and Storage Availability

28 November 2025
Storage
Transport

The objective of this study is to investigate realistic rates of CO2 Transport and Storage operational availability that may be achievable for future systems, with a focus primarily on pipeline transportation and storage within sedimentary basins (saline aquifers and depleted fields).

Technical Report

CO2 Transport and Storage Cost Review

9 October 2025
Costs of CCUS
Storage
Transport

The objective of the study was to review publicly available information on CO2 transport and storage (T&S) costs, to provide insights into how typical cost estimates are built up and to inform on areas of risk. Current information on T&S costs and the need for new or improved data would be explored.

Technical Report

CO2 Flow Metering Technologies

4 September 2025
Policy & Regulation
Transport

The main objective of this study is to raise awareness of the relevance, state of the art, challenges and opportunities of flow metering for carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS). Flow metering of CO2 streams will be critical in supporting trade, protecting consumers, ensuring confidence, facilitating taxation, and meeting CO2 reduction goals and treaty obligations.

Technical Review

IEAGHG workshop on comparative technoeconomic assessment of commercially available CO₂ conditioning technologies

29 July 2024
Event Proceedings
Transport

The workshop aimed to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and insights among a panel of international experts on CO₂ conditioning, with the goal of informing the scope of a technical specification for a comprehensive IEAGHG report.

Technical Report

Components of CCS Infrastructure - Interim CO₂ Holding Options

27 November 2023
Storage
Transport

This work, undertaken on behalf of IEAGHG by TNO and SINTEF, provides an overview of temporary / interim CO₂ storage, or ‘holding’, options (also called buffers) and investigates the role of buffer storage and its potential to create flexible and robust carbon capture and storage (CCS) chains. The report looks at current and emerging buffer technologies, conducts simulations to demonstrate the temporary storage required for given flow-rate scenarios and discusses the impact of buffer capacity on transport costs. In the report, the storage requested in the chain for normal operation is presented as " temporary storage" and storage to give buffer capacity is presented as " buffer storage". This report has focussed on buffering at the emitter site. The results of this study will benefit CO₂ storage site project developers, operators, financiers and regulators.

Technical Report

The Status and Challenges of CO₂ Shipping Infrastructures

1 July 2020
Transport

Large-scale CO₂ storage will entail substantial transportation of CO₂ from either point-sources or hub collection points to geological formations capable of storing thousands of tonnes of CO₂ in supercritical form. In many parts of the world the most suitable storage options for large-scale capacity will be in offshore formations such as the North Sea. Consequently, it is important to build an understanding of the most suitable techno-economic solutions for the trans-shipment of CO₂ from shore facilities to offshore storage locations. This study has explored a series of options to gain a more detailed comparison of shipping CO₂ either directly by sea tanker to a storage site, or via an intermediate stage, to a shore facility in closer proximity to a storage site prior to transfer via pipeline. These options have also been compared to direct transfer via pipeline.

Technical Report

Re-Use of Oil & Gas Facilities for CO₂ Transport and Storage

22 June 2018
Storage
Transport

Our recent study ‘Case Studies of CO₂ Storage in Depleted Oil and Gas Fields’ (2017-01) concluded that CO₂ storage in depleted fields would not only be viable with potentially lower risk but could also be relatively cost effective, providing important intermediate-scale storage resources. The report highlighted that re-using an O&G fields would be beneficial as “there would likely be cost savings over saline aquifer sites, particularly in the characterisation stages (where there is the advantage of production history and proved hydrocarbon retention to reduce uncertainty in containment and capacity)”.

Technical Review

Ethane and CO₂ shipping

1 March 2017
Transport

The study is a first stage assessment of a novel concept of transporting ethane from the USA in dedicated maritime carriers to Europe, which are modified from standard designs to be equipped to carry both ethane and CO2, so that CO2 can be transported back (back hauled) to the USA for use in CO₂-EOR operations.

Technical Report

Operational Flexibility of CO₂ Transport and Storage

1 March 2016
Storage
Transport

This study has reviewed different transport and storage scenarios to reflect the range of full-scale commercial operations. In addition to a wide ranging literature review a survey of industrial, utility, pipeline and CO2-EOR operators was also conducted to obtain their insights of CO2 transport and storage. Owing to the sensitivity of these commercial operations it has not been possible to attribute background information to either individuals or their companies. Anonymity has not prevented the inclusion of real world data on exhaust gas composition from different sources including power generation (coal and natural gas), oil refining, gas processing, cement, hydrogen production, and ethanol production. It also includes background information on actual CO2 pipeline operation, including network hubs, and CO2 CO2-EOR experience in the United States. Experience from different industrial scale injection projects such as Sleipner, Snøhvit and In Salah, has been included. The study has investigated how flexible operation affects CO2 storage and the measures adopted to accommodate intermittent supply. There are a series of prioritized recommendations based on the gaps in knowledge.

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