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Criteria for Technical and Economic Assessment with Low CO₂ Emissions

1 May 2009
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) undertakes studies to assess technologies for abatement of greenhouse gas emissions. IEA GHG has concentrated on CO₂ Capture and Storage (CCS) applied to power generation but it has also assessed CCS in other industries and will compare the relative merits of CCS and alternative greenhouse gas abatement options. Soon after IEA GHG started operation in 1991 it produced a set of standard technical and economic criteria for assessment of power plants with capture to ensure that its studies are undertaken on a consistent basis, as far as possible. These criteria have continued to be used since then, with some minor modifications.

Technical Report

CO₂ Geological Storage Modelling Workshop

1 April 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

The concept of this workshop was previously proposed to the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) by BRGM and Schlumberger, and following the approval of the workshop in principle, discussion was initiated in June 2008 at the IEA GHG Joint Network Meeting in New York. The suggestion was that CO₂ geological modelling for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) was an important topic not being adequately dealt with by the existing storage based research networks. Further discussions by these network groups concluded that this was indeed a gap, and that an initial workshop should be held to determine the viability of forming a separate network dealing solely with geological storage modelling.

Technical Report

Storage in Depleted Gas Fields

1 March 2009
Storage

The initial specification required a desk-based study to: 1. Assess the future implications for CO₂ storage of future natural gas production trends, especially the potential future exploitation of fields with naturally-high CO₂ 2. Undertake a source-sink matching exercise, utilising the IEA GHG database on point source emissions and with due consideration to existing transport pipeline infrastructure. The specification specifically stated that ship transportation should not be considered; content; 3. Determine the potential role of enhanced gas recovery (CO₂-EGR) in CO₂ 4. Develop an analytical screening process/tool for the selection of gas fields suitable for CO storage; 2 storage, allowing ranking of opportunities and assessment of potential global CO₂ 5. Estimate CO storage capacity; 2 6. Provide a summary of opportunities around the world where CO storage costs in depleted gas fields; 2 storage in depleted gas fields could be feasible from both technological and economic perspectives

Technical Report

Upgraded calculator for CO₂ pipeline systems

1 March 2009
Costs of CCUS
Transport

A contract to develop and upgrade the original Woodhill program and the network program was awarded to Gastec UK/AMEC who had already produced the new network design program. After obtaining the original code from Woodhill-Frontier options were examined and it was felt that as both programs were Excel-based it would be simplest to amalgamate them into one program using the original Woodhill interface where possible.The possibility of adding a graphical map-based interface for the distributed collection network was investigated as an additional option but although possible the necessary licence for commercial use was found to be too costly. It was on this basis that GastecUK/AMEC proceeded with the development of the upgraded calculator.

Technical Report

Post Combustion capture – Solid Sorbents and Membranes

1 February 2009
Capture

The aim of much of this research is cost reduction: to find a process that is cheaper than solvent scrubbing processes. NETL has produced a figure which plots the cost reduction benefits against the time to commercialisation, although both the benefits and the time are not specified (Figueroa and others, 2008).This report follows on from that on solvent scrubbing for post-combustion carbon capture from coal-fired power plants by considering the use of solid sorbents and membranes instead of solvents. First, mesoporous and microporous adsorbents are discussed: carbon-based adsorbents, zeolites, hydrotalcites and porous crystals. Attempts have been made to improve the performance of the porous adsorbent by functionalising them with nitrogen groups and specifically, amine groups to react with CO₂ and thus enhance the physical adsorption properties. Dry, regenerable solid sorbents have attracted a good deal of research. Most of the work has been on the carbonation/calcination cycle of natural limestone but there have also been studies of other calcium-based sorbents and alkali metal-based sorbents. Membranes have also been studied as potential post-combustion capture devices. Finally, techno-economic studies predicting the economic performance of solid sorbents and membranes are discussed

Technical Review

What Have We Learned from IEAGHG Storage Activities

1 February 2009
Industry Insights
Storage

This report summarises key learning points on CO₂ geological storage from Operating Phase 5 of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG), which commenced in 2005 and effectively coincided with the publication of the IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (IPCC SRCCS). IEA GHG activities revolve mainly around contracted studies and organisation of the international research networks. IEA GHG studies are chosen by programme members and sponsors from a wide list of proposals, ensuring those selected are focussed on topical technical issues. Study reports issued from 2005 onwards have contributed significant knowledge to major storage topics, including: regional capacity estimation; economics; environmental impact and risk assessment; well integrity and remediation of seepage; and development issues for deep saline formations.

Technical Report

Joint Network Meeting report

1 December 2008
Event Proceedings
Storage

The agenda was structured in accordance with the 3 criteria with sessions on review of performance monitoring tools, data integration and demonstrating monitoring data conforms with predictive modelling, developing protocols and strategies to form a monitoring plan and monitoring of the outer envelope – demonstrating no leakage. There was also a discussion session on CCS in the CDM – what modelling is required for monitoring and a session on updates and permanent Installations; current and future activities. The meeting ended with a review of the main learnings taken from the meeting.

Technical Report

Environmental Impacts Meeting Report

1 December 2008
Event Proceedings
Storage

The meeting was held over 3 days, and covered views of both regulators and industry, and the presentations covered impacts of leaks in both terrestrial and marine environments, and also extensively covered the experience of various research bodies and projects from Europe and the USA. The closing session included an open discussion to determine the needs of the different groups likely to be involved in a storage project, from regulators, industry, researchers and the general public.

Technical Report

3rd Meeting of the Oxy-Combustion Network

1 November 2008
Capture
Event Proceedings

This report presents an overview of the workshop and summarises the current status of development of oxy-fuel combustion. The presentations and discussions at the workshop covered a wide range of topics looking at; on-going studies and experimental results, modelling studies, new developments in oxygen production and CO₂ processing, and identification of various issues relevant to the demonstration of oxy-fuel combustion technology.

Technical Report

Reduction of Residential Carbon Dioxide Emissions through the Use of small Cogeneration Fuel Cell Systems

1 November 2008
Capture

The study, comprising a literature review and desk-based assessment, aimed to produce a ‘high level’ overview of potential impacts on groundwater resources from storage operations, concentrating on DSF storage across a range of typical regional settings. The study also highlighted the current state of knowledge and/or gaps, recommending further research priorities where appropriate.

Technical Report

Aquifer Storage – Development Issues

1 November 2008
Storage

The aim of this study was to bring together and review the research that has been undertaken in Europe, North America, Japan and Australia, to develop an understanding of how knowledge on deep saline aquifers has developed in recent years, in particular since the 2005 IPCC Special Report on CO₂ Capture and Storage (IPCC SRCCS). Emphasis was placed on the identification of knowledge gaps and priority areas for R&D activities.

Technical Report

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in the Clean Development Mechanism: Assessing market effects of inclusion

1 November 2008
Industry Insights
Policy & Regulation

This report provides analysis on the potential impacts that inclusion of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) as a clean development mechanism (CDM) project activity could have on the global carbon market. It has been undertaken in response to concerns raised about the possibility that CCS inclusion could result in the flooding of the carbon market with certified emission reduction (CERs) from CCS project activities, given the enormous scale of emission reductions potentially achievable.

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