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Evaluation of Novel Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture Solvent Concepts

1 November 2009
Capture

The purpose of this review was to outline the current state of knowledge and provide an assessment of the following aspects: Process chemistry and kinetics, • Operational issues and major development issues,Qualitative evaluation of the performance of absorber and stripper column,Safety and Environmental Impact considerations.Technology maturity and reported time scale for commercialisation. Assessments were made to identify the potential benefits, challenges, and uncertainties regarding the three processes described. Also included in this report is a brief review of the current state of knowledge of Flour’s Econamine FG+ process which was used as a baseline case for performance comparison. All assessments made in this report were based on information made available in the open literature, supported by kinetic evaluations made at SINTEF’s laboratory.

Technical Review

What Have We Learned from CCS Demonstrations

1 November 2009
Industry Insights
Storage

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) has undertaken an assessment of the learning that is being provided by operational, large-scale, pilot, demonstration and commercial CCS projects around the world. This was undertaken by questionnaire and analysis of the responses. From the analysis of the responses, key themes, learning points and areas for beneficial collaboration are identified. The extent of coverage of projects is summarised in terms of geological properties and monitoring techniques. From this initial analysis, a number of key learning areas have been identified that also warrant further investigation. These include: Effectiveness of various monitoring techniques Injectivity – prediction, restoration and enhancement Design to avoid hydrate formation Performance of materials in CO2 environments Scaling up capture train size Wells – designing, placing, and monitoring cementation

Technical Report

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Biomass Fired or Co-Fired Power Plant with Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture

1 October 2009
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The study aimed to investigate options and evaluate the techno-economic performance of a biomass fired, or coal co-fired with biomass, power plant based on current state of the art boiler and steam generation equipment incorporating CO₂ capture technology. It is expected that the study should provide the performance of the plant assuming the need to capture at least 90% of the total CO₂ emissions. Currently, the state of the art largest standalone biomass fired combustion power plant (i.e. between 100 to 250 MWe net) offered commercially is based on circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology. In the mid-range (i.e. between 30 to 90MWe net), the commercially offered state of the art technology would be based on a bubbling bed fluidized bed (BFB) technology. For less than 50MWe net, a stoker fired (fixed bed) system is still considered competitive compared to any fluidized bed technology. For direct co firing of biomass and coal, the technical operating limit of co-firing biomass is about 10-20% of the total thermal input.

Technical Review

The Landscape of Carbon Dioxide Capture, Storage and Management (CCSM) Education in the UK

1 August 2009
Industry Insights
Public Perception

This report was commissioned by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) to assist the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) task force in the assessment of international graduate degrees at MSc and PhD level on Carbon Dioxide Capture, Storage, and Carbon Management (hereinafter CCSM) from universities. The scope of this report is to identify academic perspectives and programs in the areas of CCSM currently available in the United Kingdom (UK). The information assembled in this report was sought from the internet, email contacts and visiting key universities. This report addresses the major findings and discusses the current landscape of CCSM education in the UKThis report has concentrated on courses provided in the UK. In addition, mention should be made that from a base in the UK the IEA GHG organises an annual International CCS Summer School. This is hosted at different locations worldwide each time; Germany, Canada and Australia in the first three years. This course offers an intensive week in all aspects of CCS, from capture to storage, and non-technical topics such as economics, policy, regulation, safety and public communication.

Technical Report

4th Meeting of the Risk Assessment (Management) Network

1 July 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

The fourth IEA GHG Risk Assessment Network Meeting was held on the 16th—17th April 2009 in Melbourne, Australia, and hosted by CO₂CRC. Cliff Kavonic of Victorian Department of Primary Industries gave the official welcome. The Victorian Government was that day publishing a report by Geoscience Victoria on the storage potential in the Gippsland basin in south Victoria. The fifty six attendees enjoyed the discussions based around the six sessions. These were on reports from other initiatives, leakage impacts, combining monitoring with modelling and risk assessment, insurance and risk, risk communication, and updates from real projects.

Technical Report

Long Term Integrity of CO₂ Storage – Well Abandonment

1 July 2009
Storage

This report focuses on potential hazards to geological storage of CO₂ related to previously abandoned deep oil and gas wells. As many prospective CO₂ storage projects will be situated in mature sedimentary basins, these operations need to accommodate previously drilled and abandoned wells. The current study aims to provide a high order evaluation of abandoned wells and their suitability to CO₂ storage operations. To this purpose an overview of the current state of knowledge on potential degradation mechanisms of typical well materials (i.e. cement and steel) is presented. Several case studies are described, illustrating some typical aspects associated with abandoned wells in the context of geological storage of CO₂. Furthermore, a geographical overview of numerous well abandonment regulations is provided, reflecting significant differences in regulatory demands around the world. Moreover, both abandonment regulations and practices historically gradually developed to the present high standards. As a consequence, especially older wells are considered to be a potential threat to long term storage integrity. Various risk assessment methodologies are described that are tailored to well integrity evaluation for geological CO₂ storage. Finally, an overview of potential corrective measures and monitoring strategies is presented.

Technical Report

5th Meeting of the Wellbore Integrity Network

1 June 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

The IEA GHG Wellbore Integrity Network has been running for 5 years now, and the meeting in 2009 was held in Calgary, Canada. The attendance for the meeting covered the usual mix of industry, academia, research and regulators, but there was a noted increase in attendance from industrial companies. This was demonstrative of the local area that the meeting was held in, with a large number of oil companies working in the surrounding province. This increased industry representation moved the discussion sessions to areas previously not addressed, or only addressed in brief outline, and this is indicative of the progress of the meeting and its continued worth. A possibility for the future of the network will be an alteration in its role, from pure research into wellbore integrity, materials and abandonment procedures, to one of education of industrial operators, and the broaching of the gap between experience gained from the oil and gas industry, and the needs and demands of regulations relating to CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) operations.

Technical Report

Safety in Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport and Storage

1 June 2009
Capture
Storage

Within the next few years it is expected that an increasing number of commercial-scale demonstrations of CO2 capture and storage technology will be built and brought into operation. Many aspects of the design of such facilities including issues relating to engineering design, environmental impacts, standards and permitting have been the subject of studies undertaken for the IEA GHG. So far no study has been dedicated specifically to the issue of safety in the above ground elements of CCS systems although such safety issues have been addressed to some extent in earlier studies. This study was designed specifically to examine the safety issues which are likely to arise when preparing safety cases and planning emergency procedures for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) projects

Technical Review

Otway Basin Pilot Project - Annual Expert Review of Monitoring and Verification Programme

1 June 2009
Industry Insights
Storage

IEA GHG has produced a revised set of criteria for assessment of plants, particularly power plants with CO₂ capture, making use of information from EPRI and others. The revised criteria should be used by IEA GHG for its future studies. Other organisations are encouraged to use the criteria to provide consistency of results. Preliminary criteria have been specified for alternative locations and these should be finalised with local organisations at the time when IEA GHG undertakes its first study for each alternative location. Other alternative locations could be considered in future, at the request of IEA GHG's members. As a follow on to this report IEA GHG will assess the feasibility of providing standard assessment criteria for CO₂ transport and storage and it will develop methodologies for comparing the relative merits of CCS and alternative low-CO₂ technologies.

Technical Review

Partial Capture of CO₂

1 May 2009
Capture

This report is a brief review of the technology and costs of partial capture of CO₂. The report does not attempt to prescribe policies for mandating CO₂ capture and whether partial capture should be part of a policy for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. IEA GHG provides technical information which can be used by policy makers but it does not intend to be policy prescriptive

Technical Review

Criteria for Technical and Economic Assessment with Low CO₂ Emissions

1 May 2009
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) undertakes studies to assess technologies for abatement of greenhouse gas emissions. IEA GHG has concentrated on CO₂ Capture and Storage (CCS) applied to power generation but it has also assessed CCS in other industries and will compare the relative merits of CCS and alternative greenhouse gas abatement options. Soon after IEA GHG started operation in 1991 it produced a set of standard technical and economic criteria for assessment of power plants with capture to ensure that its studies are undertaken on a consistent basis, as far as possible. These criteria have continued to be used since then, with some minor modifications.

Technical Report

CO₂ Geological Storage Modelling Workshop

1 April 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

The concept of this workshop was previously proposed to the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) by BRGM and Schlumberger, and following the approval of the workshop in principle, discussion was initiated in June 2008 at the IEA GHG Joint Network Meeting in New York. The suggestion was that CO₂ geological modelling for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) was an important topic not being adequately dealt with by the existing storage based research networks. Further discussions by these network groups concluded that this was indeed a gap, and that an initial workshop should be held to determine the viability of forming a separate network dealing solely with geological storage modelling.

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