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The purpose of this report is to describe the Wellbore Integrity Network, summarise past meetings, outline key findings and identify current state of knowledge
On the whole, the primary focus of CO₂ storage monitoring techniques has been to monitor plume behaviour in storage formations, and to detect leakage to the biosphere. However, for emissions trading under the EU ETS and for national GHG inventory purposes it is necessary to quantify leaked emissions to the atmosphere should leakage occur, and there is a low level of understanding of the capabilities, accuracies and uncertainties of measurement techniques for this application.
The main aim of the study would be to assess the global potential for extraction of formation waters as part of DSF storage projects. The study would comprise a comprehensive literature review, from published research and industrial analogues (e.g. brine disposal from petroleum and coal bed methane industries) to provide guidance on the following issues: Potential rates of brine extraction required for varying injection rates, across a typical range of DSF storage scenarios; Likely range in chemical composition of extracted brines; Options for disposal of brine, either surface or subsurface, and associated potential environmental impacts; Onshore and offshore considerations, including treatment required for different disposal options. Potential for utilisation of extracted brines, e.g. cooling water for power stations, geothermal energy, and assessment of associated environmental impacts; Potential for surface dissolution of CO₂ in extracted brine and re-injection into storage formations; Regulatory constraints, including for monitoring requirements, potential liability and water quality requirements for different uses. Potential economic implications for CO₂ storage of brine extraction and the various options for disposal/utilisation, to be illustrated by selected case studies.
Microorganisms are thought to be responsible for over half the biomass on the planet, with a substantial fraction of them in the subsurface. Some microorganisms are known to be able to exist in extreme conditions and have been found in the subsurface at depths greater than 3km and can therefore potentially exist at some locations considered for geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub>. In general the chemoautotrophic nature of subsurface ecosystems increases with depth, i.e. microbes in the deeper subsurface are more likely to be using CO<sub>2 </sub>to synthesise necessary organic compounds. Therefore these are what you may expect to find at the depth of a typical CO<sub>2</sub> storage reservoir.
The main focus of this workshop was on controlled release projects with other sessions on environmental impact assessments and Regulations, monitoring, overburden/ mechanisms of migration from deep to shallow subsurface, leakage scenarios and communication of leakage. The third day of the meeting was spent at Yellowstone National Park, with part of the day observing formations created from natural CO<sub>2</sub> seepage.
The Joint Network Meeting co-ordinates all four of the geological storage networks: Risk Assessment; Monitoring; Modelling; and Wellbore Integrity; and the Environmental Impacts of CO<strong><sub>2</sub></strong> Storage Workshop Series. The 2<sup>nd</sup> IEAGHG Joint Storage Network meeting was held from the 19<sup>th</sup> to the 21<sup>st</sup> of June 2012 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. It was hosted by Los Alamos National Laboratory and sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Schlumberger Carbon Services. Sixty-eight delegates attended, representing 11 different countries. The aims of the meeting were to: <!-- wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:list --><ul> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Ensure the Networks are working in the most efficient way without duplication or gaps,</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Identify cross-cutting issues and their consequences; requiring input from more than one network,</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Set the framework for the future direction of the networks.</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> </ul><!-- /wp:list --> <!-- /wp:acf/column-content --> <!-- /wp:acf/columns -->
This study assess the technical challenges associated with full-scale design and operation of conventional post-combustion capture technologies for supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) and natural gas fired combined cycle (NGCC) power plant. In this study technical and operational risks, performance gaps, technical challenges and sensitivity to several process variables are evaluated. Finally, a suggested scale-up strategy was developed with a focus on specific areas for development in future.
The IEAGHG High Temperature Solid Looping Cycles Network emerged from the preceding International Workshop on In-situ CO<sub>2</sub> Removal (ISCR) and aims at bringing together researchers and developers of CO<sub>2 </sub>capture technologies that operate at high temperatures in cylindrical processes using either circulating or fixed beds of solids. Within the last few years drawbacks of the conventional amine-based CO<sub>2 </sub>capture systems have spurred interest in solid looping processes. Since then the technology has advanced considerably and several pilot plants have been build and brought into operation, e.g the 1.7MW pilot plant at La Pereda in Spain and the 1MW pilot plant at TU Darmstadt in Germany. Progress has been made in particular in carrier/sorbent development as well as in process design and integration. In Calcium Looping, for instance, the use of spent sorbent to produce cement has been demonstrated.
The main deliverables from the study will be a series of Briefing Notes (BNs) covering the key information needs of key stakeholders, and a series of shorter Information Sheets (ISs) which provide a more basic introduction to the same topics. Note: the BN’s are the main deliverable of the study, and the ISs will be finalised and circulated after the technical report has been produced and disseminated. The study will work from, but not exclusively from, IEAGHG’s technical studies and reviews to identify the topics requiring BNs and the final BN’s will be reviewed by members of the Social Research Network, among others, as part of the peer review
This analytical review was originally prepared as a discussion note for the executive committee of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D programme in response to concern resulting from publication in the USA of an academic paper claiming that methane emissions arising from the production of shale gas could be sufficient to make unconventional natural gas from that source more greenhouse intensive than coal. Such a claim runs counter to the conventional wisdom that converting an application from coal to natural gas invariably results in a reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission consequences of the application, particularly so for power generation
To address the current state of CCS costs, a workshop was convened in March 2011 at which an international group of experts from industrial firms, government agencies, universities, and environmen tal organizations met to share information and perspectives on CCS costs for electric power plants [2]. A major conclusion of that work shop was that there are significant differences and inconsistencies in the way CCS costs are currently calculated and reported by various authors and organizations. As a consequence, there is a significant degree of confusion, misunderstanding, and mis-representation of CCS costs in the information now available publicly. These incon sistencies hamper the ability to correctly and systematically com pare the cost of different carbon capture options. They also distort comparisons between CCS and other greenhouse gas reduction measures—with potential consequences for both technology and policy developments.
The objectives of the study were to: 1. Provide a comprehensive literature-based review of sub-surface exploitation activities that may affect storage operations, focussing in regions where large scale CCS development is currently focussed. 2. Provide a qualitative assessment of potential interactions and impacts using case study sedimentary basins. 3. Provide policy makers, regulators and developers with a checklist of potential sub surface resource interactions together with a preliminary explanation of possible impacts and management options 4. Where possible, provide case study examples of resource interaction issues have been successfully managed to enable multiple resource use
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