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Discover the latest advances carbon capture and storage research
The main objectives of the workshop were: To address and discuss the difficulties of the iron and steel industry to enable the implementation of CCS. To understand the various issues and factors in the evaluation of the cost of CCS in an integrated steel mill.
The third meeting of the IEAGHG high temperature solid looping network was held from 29<sup>th</sup> August to 1<sup>st</sup> September at the Technical University of Vienna. It was held in parallel with a meeting of the IEA Fluidised Bed Combustion implementing agreement and the International Conference on Polygeneration. This gave the 108 delegates who attended the network meeting the opportunity to meet with those engaged in these other related areas. For this meeting a considerable effort was made to attract members of the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) research community which has been less represented at past meetings where calcium oxide looping (CaL) cycles for CO<sub>2</sub> capture have tended to dominate. This should be a useful change as both processes use similar dual fluidised bed hardware and there is also emergence of hybrid schemes employing both types of reaction. Also several of the larger test facilities are now set up to test both CLC and CaL processes using the same equipment.
The workshop consisted of two full days, with 3 keynote addresses presented by Prof. Terry Wall (Newcastle University), John Pavlish (EERC) and Prof. Axel Kranzmann (BAM) which review the current understanding on the fate of sulphur and Hg, and corrosion issues during oxyfuel combustion. The keynote addresses were followed by 24 presentations covering the following topics: <!-- wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:list --><ul> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Fundamental research on the fate of sulphur – measurement techniques and discussion on sulphur balance</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Fundamental research on corrosion issues in high and low temperature regime during oxyfuel boiler operation.</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Fundamental research on corrosion and ash deposition during oxyfuel combustion</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Fundamental research on performance of the flue gas processing units in control of NOx, SOx and Hg.</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Large scale pilot testing experience</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> </ul><!-- /wp:list --> <!-- /wp:acf/column-content --> <!-- /wp:acf/columns -->
The emissions of CO₂ from power plants equipped with carbon dioxide capture systems are reduced by upwards of 85% compared to equivalent plants without capture. However the full environmental impact of a plant fitted with CO₂ capture will depend also on what changes are induced in emissions of other substances in gaseous, liquid and solid form. Furthermore due to the increase in fuel and chemicals consumption typical for a CCS plant emissions due to the “upstream” and “downstream” processes and particularly those associated with increased fuel use, will also increase. Both these effects need to be taken into account if the technology is to be assessed on a life cycle basis. This study focuses only on the changes which are to be expected in the direct emissions, discharges and solid wastes of substances other than CO₂ from within the boundary of power plants fitted with CO₂ capture
The three day workshop highlighted the latest international CO₂ storage risk assessment developments, discussing communication and regulatory developments, risk and incident management, potential induced seismicity, monitoring performance, understanding potential groundwater impacts, risk assessment methodologies, key outcomes and identified knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future research.
This study was undertaken to identify and quantify opportunities for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and renewable energy technologies to be combined in a synergistic way and to identify any options which would tend to leave a permanent legacy for the renewable power generation industry. Several interesting options were studied and the key option of providing renewable thermal energy to compensate for the parasitic losses incurred by post combustion CCS was studied in some detail.
This report evaluates the emission from the PCC technology that uses amine based inhibitor-free solvents, particularly MEA, ammonia and amino acid salt based solvents. It identifies shortcomings in terms of the environmental performance of existing PCC technology. It also evaluates various emission control methods that may be applied to minimise the emissions particularly from MEA and other amine technologies. All these aspects of the study are covered in the four sections of this report. A complete evaluation of environmental impact of the amine based process would involve assessment of all direct discharge of waste material from the process and the fates of these compounds, including chemical transformations that occur after their discharge. However, it is to be noted that only gaseous emissions are evaluated in this report and liquid and solid emissions are considered as beyond the scope of this study.
IEAGHG has commissioned Foster Wheeler Italiana to carry out a study to review the operating flexibility of the current leading power generation technologies with CCS and to assess performance and costs of some techniques for improving flexibility. This overview of the report was written by IEAGHG.
The study considers five scenarios, selected to examine the implications of capture technology type, configuration and plant operation, on the metrics outlined above. These scenarios are: 1. A CCGT power plant (Reference Plant); 2. Scenario 2 not used 3. A CCGT power plant with post-combustion capture; 4. A CCGT power plant with post-combustion capture and flue-gas recirculation; 5. A Combined cycle power plant with Natural Gas reforming and pre-combustion capture; and 6. A Natural Gas Reforming plant with pre-combustion capture, providing hydrogen to a remote combined cycle power plant or intermediate storage. 7. Scenario 7 not used
The study tried to be as comprehensive as possible but to limit the scale of the study some compromises had to be made. The study was based on global requirements and essentially used a high level approach and did not consider regional differences in skills, manufacturing bases etc., The study considered the full CCS chain, i.e. capture, compression, transport and storage of CO<sub>2 </sub>but excluded the power/industry equipment prior to the capture plant.
The overall aim of the Social Research Network is “to foster the conduct and dissemination of social science research related to CCS in order to improve understanding of public concerns as well as improve the understanding of the processes required for deploying projects”. The objectives of the Network are as follows: <!-- wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:list --><ul> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Ensure high quality social science research <!-- wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:list --><ul> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Elevate reputation and acceptance of social science research</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Consistency of research</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> </ul><!-- /wp:list --> <!-- /wp:acf/column-content --> <!-- /wp:acf/columns --> </li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Identifying gaps</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Promoting a learning environment</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Building capacity within the Network</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Translate information from studies into tools or applied lessons <!-- wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:list --><ul> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Apply insights to actual projects</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Interact with technical experts</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Communicate results to policy makers</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Ensure application is grounded in theory</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> </ul><!-- /wp:list --> <!-- /wp:acf/column-content --> <!-- /wp:acf/columns --> </li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Create a clearing house of social science research</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --> </ul><!-- /wp:list --> <!-- /wp:acf/column-content --> <!-- /wp:acf/columns -->
The study aimed to review current laws and emerging CCS specific regulations, in different regions of the world and under different legal frameworks, concentrating on long-term liability aspects. The primary work of the study was to investigate and assess the various potential financial mechanisms for supporting CO₂ liability, including an assessment of their applicability and practicality to all parties concerned, and provide recommendations based on the findings. As well as discussion on important issues such as when and how transfer of liability to the government should occur, and what these liabilities could be, the study focuses primarily on how this liability can be supported.
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