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Global Storage Resources Gap Analysis for Policy Makers

1 October 2011
Policy & Regulation
Storage

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG), on behalf of the Global CCS Institute, commissioned Geogreen to undertake a study reviewing the current global portfolio of operational and announced CO2 geological storage projects, in the context of key CCS deployment targets for 2020: 20 operational sites stipulated by the G8; and 100 operational sites as described in the 2009 IEA CCS Roadmap ‘Blue’ scenario (limiting atmospheric CO2 concentrations to 450ppm). The Geogreen study included detailed modelling of the timescales and resources required for storage sites to achieve bankable status, whereby final investment decisions can be made in advance of site construction, commissioning and operations. Building on this analysis, the study showed that the current CCS project portfolio could allow the G8 target to be reached provided that adequate resources are made available for a large proportion of the proposed projects and that storage associated with CO₂-EOR can be included.

Technical Report

Potential Impacts on Groundwater Resources of Geological Storage

1 October 2011
Storage

The study, comprising a literature review and desk-based assessment, aimed to produce a ‘high level’ overview of potential impacts on groundwater resources from storage operations, concentrating on DSF storage across a range of typical regional settings. The study also highlighted the current state of knowledge and/or gaps, recommending further research priorities where appropriate.

Technical Report

Combined Modelling Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting

1 October 2011
Event Proceedings
Storage

This combined meeting of the IEAGHG Modelling and Wellbore Integrity networks was held from the 27th to the 29th of April 2011, in Perth, Australia, hosted by Curtin University and the University of Western Australia and sponsored by Shell, Chevron, Curtin University, the University of Western Australia and the Government of Western Australia Department of Mines and Petroleum. Seventy five delegates attended the meeting, representing 9 different countries. The three day event looked at the complexity of models, real projects (local and international), geomechanics and wellbore integrity, followed by a field visit to the site of the planned Collie Southwest CO₂ Hub. T

Technical Report

Rotating Equipment for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

1 September 2011
Capture

The work was divided into two stages. The first part was to define the process requirements for the compression for typical coal fired, pre, post and oxy-combustion processes as well as for a gas fired post combustion process. Thereafter a number of optimisations of the integration of the compression system with the rest of the process were examined. In the second part selected manufacturers of CO2 compressors were asked to provide general information on their products and also to make selections and indicate budget prices for compressors to perform the 4 specific sets of compression process requirement. Two novel compression concepts were also reviewed, the most revolutionary being the supersonic compression technology being developed by Ramgen, the other being the use of a low pressure axial flow compressor for the first stage of compression. In addition a novel method to use heat of compression for regeneration of mole sieve dryers was investigated

Technical Report

Feasibility of Monitoring Tools

1 September 2011
Storage

This report sets out to identify and evaluate appropriate monitoring tools for substances mobilised by the actions/reactions caused by CO2 injection during CCS operations and includes a brief description of the types of physical, chemical and biological parameters that might be affected. Monitoring these is important for verifying predicted migration pathways and characterising changes in the physical and chemical properties of associated sedimentary formations and groundwater. Understanding these processes and mapping their distribution aids in the identification of potential monitoring tools and facilitates an assessment of their utility in a particular monitoring domain. Matching the appropriate monitoring tool with the monitoring environment is therefore critical to designing an effective monitoring and verification program

Technical Report

Potential for Biomass and Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

1 July 2011
Capture

A contract for this study was awarded to Ecofys B. V. of the Netherlands. The aim of the study was to provide a global and regional assessment of potential for BE-CCS, identifying the main potential types of biomass, technologies applicable for energy conversion/process and whether CCS application is possible; considering deployment to target future scenarios; complimenting the IEAGHG study on ‘Techno-economic evaluation of biomass fired or co-fired power plant with post-combustion CO2 capture’. The contractor was asked to assess the net carbon balance for likely biomass CCS technology options, taking into account biomass supply chains and processing; to provide quantitative indications of the emissions performance potential; consider other potential greenhouse gas impacts such as land-use change, identifying any potential negative environmental consequences, such as non-sustainable biomass production; and consider deployment issues, in terms of policy and regulatory barriers and incentives.

Technical Report

Caprock Systems for CO₂ Geological Storage

1 June 2011
Storage

The study involved a detailed literature review of recent and ongoing research in this topic, with engineering judgement drawn from the findings. The study focussed on caprocks in the context of CO₂ storage in deep saline formations, although depleted hydrocarbon fields were also considered, in the context of the associated wide body of available knowledge. Particular issues considered by the study included: Caprock characteristics for site selection purposes; Geomechanical, geochemical and other relevant processes, and their coupling into predictive performance models; Potential leakage pathways and mechanisms, including faults, fractures and by diffusion; Discussion of the time frames and rates of leakage for the various mechanisms and caprock systems; Best practices for caprock assessment including data collection and modelling methodologies.

Technical Report

Effects of Impurities on Geological Storage of CO₂

1 June 2011
Storage

Study on evaluation of the effects of impurities on CO₂ transport, injection and storage, sponsored by the International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG). The IEA GHG’s objectives of this study are: To provide a review of existing information and published research on the potential impact of CO₂ stream purity on storage reservoir and caprock performance and associated engineering costs; To provide a high level overview of available knowledge. The focus is on storage of impure CO₂ in deep saline formations, since this scenario has the largest theoretical storage capacity and the most significant potential for complex geochemical reactions, although depleted gas fields and CO₂-EOR are also relevant.

Technical Report

IEAGHG Seminar on Control of Nitrosamine Formation in CO₂ Capture Plant: Report on Meeting

1 June 2011
Capture
Event Proceedings

This workshop was held aiming to answer the following questions: What inputs can we expect in terms of NO2 levels and amine quality? How to improve the reliability and plausibility of nitrosamine analysis? What level of accuracy is possible in nitrosamine detection? Which concentration of nitrosamine can be expected until the first reclaimer operation? How can nitrosamine levels be minimized? How likely is the formation of volatile nitrosamine? How can we move forward with providing reliable information to the public?

Technical Report

Retrofitting CO₂ Capture to Existing Power Plants

1 May 2011
Capture

The main purpose of this report is to examine, at a generic level, the scope for cutting CO2 emissions from suitable existing fossil fuel plants by retrofitting CCS to them, as an alternative to replacing them with new build fossil fuel plants with CCS. In this context it should be seen as a discussion of preliminary screening assessment methods to address the general issue of ‘under what conditions might it be worth considering retrofitting CCS to an existing fossil power plant, instead of replacing it by a new plant with CCS’? As a generic study though it cannot address either future costs for construction, fuel etc. or site- and region-specific questions that will govern the feasibility and cost of a specific retrofit project, although it does discuss some of the principles involved and examine sensitivities. Nor does it make comparisons with other options for emission reductions from a particular site, such as fuel switching from coal to gas.

Technical Report

Summary Report of the IEAGHG Workshop - Natural Releases of CO₂: Building Knowledge for CO₂ Storage Environmental Impact Assessments

1 November 2010
Event Proceedings
Storage

The IEAGHG workshop on Natural Releases of CO₂: Building Knowledge for CO₂ Storage Environmental Impact Assessments was held in Maria Laach, Germany, in November 2011 and hosted by CO₂GeoNet and BGR. The workshop was well attended, with forty seven participants from over ten different countries. Sessions included: Setting the Scene; Releases, Magnitudes and Impacts: Marine Environments and Terrestrial Environments; Mobilisation of Brine and Metals; Near Surface vs. Deep Subsurface Mechanisms and, Monitoring Challenges in Light of Natural Systems. Due to considerable interest in the workshop and an overly prescribed agenda, poster sessions were included within coffee and lunch breaks, with eight presented posters during the workshop.

Technical Report

CCS Site Selection and Characterisation Criteria

1 December 2009
Capture
Storage

The I EA G reenhouse G as R &D P rogramme ( IEA GHG ) ha s recently co mmissioned the Alberta Research Council in Canada to conduct a review of storage site selection criteria and site ch aracterisation methods in o rder to produce a s ynthesis r eport. Among the va rious elements of the CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) chain, t he stage of storage site selection and characterisation is o f cr itical importance be cause any storage s ite m ust de monstrate that it satisfies three fundamental requirements: 1. capacity to store the intended volume of CO₂ 2. injectivity, to accept/take CO over the lifetime of the operation, 2 3. containment, to en sure t hat C O at the rate that it is supplied from the emitter(s), 2 will n ot m igrate an d/or leak out of t he s torage unit (safety and security of storage). This report reviews the literature on the subject on site selection and characterisation since the publication of the IPCC Special Report on CCS, and provides a synthesis and classification o f criteria.

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