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CCS Site Selection and Characterisation Criteria

1 December 2009
Capture
Storage

The I EA G reenhouse G as R &D P rogramme ( IEA GHG ) ha s recently co mmissioned the Alberta Research Council in Canada to conduct a review of storage site selection criteria and site ch aracterisation methods in o rder to produce a s ynthesis r eport. Among the va rious elements of the CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) chain, t he stage of storage site selection and characterisation is o f cr itical importance be cause any storage s ite m ust de monstrate that it satisfies three fundamental requirements: 1. capacity to store the intended volume of CO₂ 2. injectivity, to accept/take CO over the lifetime of the operation, 2 3. containment, to en sure t hat C O at the rate that it is supplied from the emitter(s), 2 will n ot m igrate an d/or leak out of t he s torage unit (safety and security of storage). This report reviews the literature on the subject on site selection and characterisation since the publication of the IPCC Special Report on CCS, and provides a synthesis and classification o f criteria.

Technical Report

CO₂ Storage in Depleted Oil Fields

1 December 2009
Storage

The study took as its starting point, IEA GHG Report on PH3/23 undertaken in 2000 as its base line data set. The study was to assess the data within the report and determine whether there was newer data on issues, (e.g. CO2 use/bbl oil produced in EOR floods) that could be used to revise global estimates.

Technical Report

OPEC-IEA GHG CCS workshop for scientists and professionals in OPEC Member Countries

1 December 2009
Event Proceedings
Industry Insights

This workshop was proposed to the IEA GHG by OPEC, and the first plan was to hold the workshop in February 2009, in Algeria. Due to difficulties in preparing invitation letters and visas; the workshop was postponed to November 2009. The suggestion was that Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) was an important topic not being adequately dealt with by OPEC member countries. Therefore, this workshop was planned to introduce scientists and professionals from OPEC member countries with a general overview of the complete CCS chain. In addition, this workshop was considered as a good opportunity for IEA GHG to interact with professionals from these countries, who are involved mainly in the oil and gas sector. The Ministry of Energy and Mines together with Sonatrach, agreed to host the workshop in Hassi Messaoud, Algeria. An organizing committee was established, with members form IEA GHG, OPEC, the Ministry of Energy and Mines and Sonatrach. The workshop was held from the 16th to 20th of November, 2009 and attracted over 25 delegates from 7 countries.

Technical Report

5th Meeting of the Monitoring Network

1 November 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

This was the 5th meeting of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) Monitoring Network. Since the inception of the Monitoring Network a significant amount of work has been done in this field. There are now a great number of very elaborate Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) demonstration projects occurring worldwide with each one developing and testing new monitoring techniques. While this is happening there is also a great drive from many Governments to put in place the regulations needed to properly licence and supervise CCS activities. This meeting hoped to review where we are with both aspects of CCS and identify what questions still need to be answered

Technical Report

Development of Storage Coefficients for Carbon Dioxide Storage in Deep Saline Formations

1 November 2009
Storage

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) commissioned the Energy and Environmental Research Centre (EERC), from the University of North Dakota, to undertake a study to develop storage coefficients for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in deep saline formations. The project was co-sponsored by the US Department of Energy (US DOE).

Technical Report

Evaluation of Novel Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture Solvent Concepts

1 November 2009
Capture

The purpose of this review was to outline the current state of knowledge and provide an assessment of the following aspects:  <ul><li>Process chemistry and kinetics, • Operational issues and major development issues,</li><li>Qualitative evaluation of the performance of absorber and stripper column,</li><li>Safety and Environmental Impact considerations.</li><li>Technology maturity and reported time scale for commercialisation.</li></ul>  Assessments were made to identify the potential benefits, challenges, and uncertainties regarding the three processes described. Also included in this report is a brief review of the current state of knowledge of Flour’s Econamine FG+ process which was used as a baseline case for performance comparison. All assessments made in this report were based on information made available in the open literature, supported by kinetic evaluations made at SINTEF’s laboratory.

Technical Report

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Biomass Fired or Co-Fired Power Plant with Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture

1 October 2009
Capture
Costs of CCUS

The study aimed to investigate options and evaluate the techno-economic performance of a biomass fired, or coal co-fired with biomass, power plant based on current state of the art boiler and steam generation equipment incorporating CO₂ capture technology. It is expected that the study should provide the performance of the plant assuming the need to capture at least 90% of the total CO₂ emissions. Currently, the state of the art largest standalone biomass fired combustion power plant (i.e. between 100 to 250 MWe net) offered commercially is based on circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology. In the mid-range (i.e. between 30 to 90MWe net), the commercially offered state of the art technology would be based on a bubbling bed fluidized bed (BFB) technology. For less than 50MWe net, a stoker fired (fixed bed) system is still considered competitive compared to any fluidized bed technology. For direct co firing of biomass and coal, the technical operating limit of co-firing biomass is about 10-20% of the total thermal input.

Technical Report

4th Meeting of the Risk Assessment Network

1 July 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

The fourth IEA GHG Risk Assessment Network Meeting was held on the 16th—17th April 2009 in Melbourne, Australia, and hosted by CO₂CRC. Cliff Kavonic of Victorian Department of Primary Industries gave the official welcome. The Victorian Government was that day publishing a report by Geoscience Victoria on the storage potential in the Gippsland basin in south Victoria. The fifty six attendees enjoyed the discussions based around the six sessions. These were on reports from other initiatives, leakage impacts, combining monitoring with modelling and risk assessment, insurance and risk, risk communication, and updates from real projects.

Technical Report

Long Term Integrity of CO₂ Storage – Well Abandonment

1 July 2009
Storage

This report focuses on potential hazards to geological storage of CO₂ related to previously abandoned deep oil and gas wells. As many prospective CO₂ storage projects will be situated in mature sedimentary basins, these operations need to accommodate previously drilled and abandoned wells. The current study aims to provide a high order evaluation of abandoned wells and their suitability to CO₂ storage operations. To this purpose an overview of the current state of knowledge on potential degradation mechanisms of typical well materials (i.e. cement and steel) is presented. Several case studies are described, illustrating some typical aspects associated with abandoned wells in the context of geological storage of CO₂. Furthermore, a geographical overview of numerous well abandonment regulations is provided, reflecting significant differences in regulatory demands around the world. Moreover, both abandonment regulations and practices historically gradually developed to the present high standards. As a consequence, especially older wells are considered to be a potential threat to long term storage integrity. Various risk assessment methodologies are described that are tailored to well integrity evaluation for geological CO₂ storage. Finally, an overview of potential corrective measures and monitoring strategies is presented.

Technical Report

5th Meeting of the Wellbore Integrity Network

1 June 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

The IEA GHG Wellbore Integrity Network has been running for 5 years now, and the meeting in 2009 was held in Calgary, Canada. The attendance for the meeting covered the usual mix of industry, academia, research and regulators, but there was a noted increase in attendance from industrial companies. This was demonstrative of the local area that the meeting was held in, with a large number of oil companies working in the surrounding province. This increased industry representation moved the discussion sessions to areas previously not addressed, or only addressed in brief outline, and this is indicative of the progress of the meeting and its continued worth. A possibility for the future of the network will be an alteration in its role, from pure research into wellbore integrity, materials and abandonment procedures, to one of education of industrial operators, and the broaching of the gap between experience gained from the oil and gas industry, and the needs and demands of regulations relating to CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) operations.

Technical Report

Safety in Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport and Storage

1 June 2009
Capture
Storage

Within the next few years it is expected that an increasing number of commercial-scale demonstrations of CO2 capture and storage technology will be built and brought into operation. Many aspects of the design of such facilities including issues relating to engineering design, environmental impacts, standards and permitting have been the subject of studies undertaken for the IEA GHG. So far no study has been dedicated specifically to the issue of safety in the above ground elements of CCS systems although such safety issues have been addressed to some extent in earlier studies. This study was designed specifically to examine the safety issues which are likely to arise when preparing safety cases and planning emergency procedures for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) projects

Technical Report

CO₂ Geological Storage Modelling Workshop

1 April 2009
Event Proceedings
Storage

The concept of this workshop was previously proposed to the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) by BRGM and Schlumberger, and following the approval of the workshop in principle, discussion was initiated in June 2008 at the IEA GHG Joint Network Meeting in New York. The suggestion was that CO₂ geological modelling for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) was an important topic not being adequately dealt with by the existing storage based research networks. Further discussions by these network groups concluded that this was indeed a gap, and that an initial workshop should be held to determine the viability of forming a separate network dealing solely with geological storage modelling.

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