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Iron & Steel Workshop Tokyo

1 August 2014
Event Proceedings
Industry Insights

This report summarises the presentations and outcomes from the “Iron and Steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop”. The workshop took place from 5th to 7th November 2013 at Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan. IETS (Industrial Energy-related Technologies and Systems), World Steel Association (WSA) and IEAGHG jointly organised this meeting, which was hosted by Prof Tatsuro Ariyama. Key objectives of the workshop were to review the progress in CO2 reduction technologies in iron- and steelmaking since the last workshop in 2011 and to provide a discussion forum with focus on the Asian iron and steel industries. The 50 attendees were able to participate in a full three-day programme and the IETS members had the opportunity to visit JFE East Japan Works at Keihin subsequently. The first two days of the workshop ran under IEAGHG and focussed on CO2 reduction strategies in the iron and steel industries, whereas the third day was under the theme of IETS and concentrated on process development and efficiency improvements. The following report provides summaries of some, but not all, of the presentations given at the workshop.

Technical Report

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Different Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Process Flow Sheet Modifications

1 August 2014
Capture
Costs of CCUS

This study evaluated different post combustion capture process modifications for SCPC and NGCC power plant. The study also evaluated the current state of process design improvements such as absorber intercooling, operation at higher stripper pressure and an advanced level of waste heat integration for the SCPC case. In order to identify the effect of future improvements in the solvent; a generic improved amine based solvent ‘Solvent 2020 was considered. Regarding to the different process modifications, matrix stripping was found to be having the highest efficiency penalty due to the increased energy requirement by compressors. Also the cost of electricity and cost of CO2 avoided for this modification was found to be higher compared to other process modifications.

Technical Report

5th HTSLCN Meeting Cambridge

1 July 2014
Capture
Event Proceedings

The IEAGHG High Temperature Solid Looping Cycles Network (HTSLCN) emerged from the preceding International Workshop on In-situ CO₂ Removal (ISCR) and aims at bringing together researchers and developers of CO₂ capture technologies that operate at high temperatures in cyclic processes using either circulating or fixed beds of solids. The 5th HTSLCN Meeting was held from 2nd to 3rd September 2013 at Queens’ College, University of Cambridge, UK. It was jointly organised by IEAGHG, University of Cambridge and Cranfield University and received support from the UKCCS Research Centre and Johnson Matthey. A number of 60 delegates attended the meeting, which offered 36 presentations organised in three sessions. The first session covered demonstrations and pilot scale trials. The second session was split in two parallel streams that discussed the fundamentals in calcium looping (CaL) and chemical looping combustion (CLC) respectively. The third session presented new process concepts and system modelling and evaluation. A subsequent panel discussion and a site visit to the facilities at Cranfield University rounded off the technical programme.

Technical Report

Biomass and CCS - Guidance for accounting for negative emissions

1 June 2014
Policy & Regulation

The main objectives of this study are as follows: GHG accounting rules applicable to bio-CCS: Understand how they apply, assess their ability to appropriately recognise, attribute and reward negative emissions and suggest potential scope, options and pathways for improvement where necessary. This should include consideration of how other incentive schemes outside ETSs account for GHG emissions associated with bioenergy use, in particular in relation to life-cycle GHG emissions and dLUC/iLUC. Sustainability and potential negative environmental impacts of bio-CCS: Provide an assessment of measures to regulate sustainability impacts and other potential negative environmental effects that could arise through promoting bio-CCS (e.g. leakage, transboundary issues, dLUC/iLUC effects). Options to appropriately reward bio-CCS: Taking into account the GHG accounting rules and issues for sustainability, consider options for modifying policies to appropriately reward operators undertaking bio-CCS.

Technical Report

CO₂ Capture at Coal-Based Power and Hydrogen Plants

1 May 2014
Capture

In recent years IEAGHG has undertaken a series of studies on the performance and costs of plants incorporating the three leading CO2 capture technologies: post combustion, oxy-combustion and pre-combustion capture. In the time since those studies were undertaken there have been significant technological advances and substantial increases in estimated plant costs. IEAGHG therefore decided to undertake a wholly new study on costs of capture at coal based plants producing the two leading low-carbon energy carriers, namely electricity and hydrogen. This study provides a baseline for possible future studies on plants in other countries, plants using other capture processes and capture in industries other than power and hydrogen generation. The study was carried out for IEAGHG by Foster Wheeler.

Technical Review

IEAGHG 2013 RCSP Peer Review Summary

1 May 2014
Storage

The 2013 international independent expert review of the RCSP had the following aims: 1. To follow up progress in addressing the recommendations of the second review in 2011 of the RCSP Initiative and their Phase III projects. 2. To assess the progress on the individual Phase III projects and consider whether the proposed technical work program for each project achieves the individual projects goals and those of the overall RCSPs. Inherent in this assessment will be the identification of any gaps or modifications that are necessary to the individual work program to address both the projects and the overall RCSP goals. 3. To assess results and key findings from the Phase III tests across the RCSP Initiative as they relate to the DOE/NETL Program goals. 4. To assess the overall technical integration of the RCSP Initiative, address the synergies between the eight Phase III projects and how they complement each other and how collectively they will provide a technical basis for future commercial scale projects in the USA. 5. To assess how the RCSP compares/compliments/contrasts with similar projects underway worldwide and how the information from these projects contributes to an international knowledge base on CO₂ capture and storage

Technical Report

Comparing Different Approaches to Managing CO₂ Storage Resources in Mature CCS Futures

1 April 2014
Storage

This report develops scenarios for CO₂ storage development in the Southern North Sea Basin to compare first-come, first-served and managed approaches to CO₂ storage site licensing. The report describes the benefits and consequences of these broad strategies for the pore space owner and the operator, and considers current approached to managing offshore and onshore storage resources (in a range of jurisdictions). A workshop was held in the early stages of the report process, which helped to evaluate approaches to the management of pore space in different jurisdictions. The following general issues were discussed at the workshop and are looked at further in the report: - The availability of storage capacity - Other uses and users of the pore space - Priorities on different uses in different jurisdictions - Potential routes to wider storage deployment - Technical regulatory challenges for storage in areas of multiple stacked storage opportunities - Risks that may arise from site interactions - Examples of pore space conflict resolution - Strategic initiatives for storage deployment. The report details potential subsurface interactions, UK policy for CO₂ storage development (including a UK Southern North Sea case study), potential interactions between two case studies in the Southern North Sea, CO₂ storage permitting in the Netherlands, CO₂ storage in Australia, the role of CO₂ enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in Texas, USA and managing the pore space in Alberta, Canada.

Technical Report

Evaluation and analysis of the performance of dehydration units for CO₂ capture

1 April 2014
Capture
Transport

The purpose of the study is to examine the characteristics of the various dehydration processes and the way they can be best integrated into the CCS system. Moisture in CO2 can lead to corrosion and hydrate formation. It is necessary to dehydrate CO2 streams prior to transporting the product in carbon steel pipelines. Several different types of CO2 capture processes exist. The type selected for use is dependent upon the basic type of combustion process in operation, e.g. coal or natural gas. The CO2 produced by the various combustion and associated capture processes is of different quality, containing different inerts and impurities, with varying compositions and conditions. The dehydration process can be significantly affected by these differences; it was therefore necessary to consider the different types of capture process separately within this study.

Technical Report

Evaluation of Reclaimer Sludge Disposal from CO₂ PCC Process

1 March 2014
Capture

In this study different solvent reclaiming technologies were evaluated for two reference power plants: Supercritical Pulverised Coal (SCPC) and Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) at their respective gross power outputs (900 and 810 MWe, respectively). A low sulphur Australian coal was used for SCPC case. A selective catalytic removal (SCR) unit is assumed upstream of the CO₂ capture unit for both the coal and natural gas power plants. In addition a wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) unit and a sodium hydroxide polishing unit , is located upstream of the CO₂ capture unit in the coal-fired power plant thus reducing the SOx concentration to 10 ppmv or less .

Technical Report

IEAGHG OPEC Report of Workshop on CCS and CDM

1 December 2013
Policy & Regulation

This report outlines the discussions and outcomes from a workshop jointly held by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D implementing agreement (IEAGHG) and the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) on the topic of “Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage in the UN Clean Development Mechanism”. The workshop was the latest in a series of activities by IEAGHG in supporting CCS in the CDM. The objective of the workshop was to share knowledge amongst IEAGHG technical experts and OPEC secretariat and member country delegates, and enhance the understanding amongst all participants of the issues, challenges and approaches to developing CCS projects under the UNs clean development mechanism (CDM) with a focus on OPEC member countries

Technical Report

CO₂ Pipeline Infrastructure

1 December 2013
Transport

The deliverables for this study consist of a reference manual, database, interactive web tool and webinar. The reference manual highlights key design, construction, operational and regulatory learnings. A database, containing more than 100 data elements, complements the reference manual

Technical Report

Deployment of CCS in the Cement Industry

1 December 2013
Capture

The study focuses on the following tasks: 1. Review current practice in energy efficiency improvement and fuel and clinker substitution practices in relation to reduction of CO₂ emissions in the cement sector. 2. Engage with key stakeholders with the aim of identifying the key barriers to the demonstration of CCS in the cement sector. 3. Review the current state of development of potential CCS technologies evaluated for the cement industry, particularly oxyfuel and post-combustion capture and review current CCS activities initiated and led by the cement industry. 4. Review policy and government initiatives to support the application of CCS to the cement sector

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