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Mineralisation - Carbonation and Enhanced Weathering

1 July 2013
Storage
Utilisation

This technical review is an update of a 2005 IEAGHG review of mineralisation as means of CO₂ sequestration, which concluded “Significant breakthroughs are needed but obstacles to be overcome are considerable”. This review confirms that view and concludes that recent research initiatives are unlikely to lead to technically and economically viable CO₂ sequestration processes. An insurmountable barrier is the scale of mineral handling that would be required for CO₂ absorption by a mineral at a coal-fired power station. The amount of igneous mineral material to be mined, processed and returned to the ground would involve materials handling at an order of magnitude greater scale than the scale of the coal mining operation that provided the fuel that is burned to produce the CO₂. That would result in significant environmental consequences and life-cycle energy demands

Technical Review

Incorporating Future Improvements in existing PC, Tech. Rev

1 May 2013
Capture

This study intended to focus on the above mentioned process improvements and 2nd and 3rd generation technology evaluation. However, the work by Lucquiaud et al. 2012 focuses only on some of the above mentioned improvements such as improvements in amine based solvent properties like CO₂ absorption enthalpy, solvent heat capacity and CO₂ regeneration temperature by developing an equilibrium based model in gProms software. In this model each solvent property changes were performed independently to the other solvent properties. Table 1, shows the parameters used in the power plant and base case amine based solvent CO₂ post combustion capture plant.

Technical Report

Interaction of CO₂ Storage with Subsurface Resources

1 April 2013
Storage

The objectives of the study were to: 1. Provide a comprehensive literature-based review of sub-surface exploitation activities that may affect storage operations, focussing in regions where large scale CCS development is currently focussed. 2. Provide a qualitative assessment of potential interactions and impacts using case study sedimentary basins. 3. Provide policy makers, regulators and developers with a checklist of potential sub surface resource interactions together with a preliminary explanation of possible impacts and management options 4. Where possible, provide case study examples of resource interaction issues have been successfully managed to enable multiple resource use

Technical Report

Induced Seismicity and its Implications for CO₂ Storage Risk

1 April 2013
Storage

This study would provide a review of the mechanisms that cause induced seismicity and their application to geological storage of CO₂. The study would involve a detailed literature review of recent and ongoing research in this topic and an analysis drawn from the findings. Importantly, the study would focus on induced seismicity that may be caused by CO₂ injection and storage. Owing to the paucity of large scale CO₂ storage projects, it may be necessary to use findings from analogues (for example, steam assisted gravity drainage of heavy oil, cyclic steam stimulation in heavy oil recovery or produced water re-injection (also at hydraulic fracturing conditions) in oil and gas field operations).

Technical Review

Current State of the Art Technology for Iron & Steel Production

1 April 2013
Capture
Industry Insights

This document is drafted by IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme in support of the activities of the EU Zero Emissions Platforms (ZEP) assessment of potential CCS deployment in the energy intensive industries. It aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in steel production worldwide and present a brief overview of the development of different technology options for CO₂ capture in the steel industry. Steel is the largest globally traded metal. In 2011, around 1.49 billion tonnes of crude steel were produced worldwide; of which ~45% was from China. Other leading steel producing regions or countries include the EU27 (12%), NAFTA1 (8%), CIS2 (8%), Japan (7%), and India (5%). Figure 1 presents the historical data showing the crude steel production worldwide. In the last decade, steel production has achieved an average annual growth rate of around 5-6% [1

Technical Review

Review of Status of Global Non CO₂ GHG Emissions

1 April 2013
Industry Insights

The aim of this study therefore is to update the summary of the work completed by IEAGHG previously (See Section 3). The specific objectives of the study are:   <ul> <li>To review the current sources of Non-CO2 GHG’s and update their emissions data.</li> <li>To look at the trends in Non-CO2 GHG emissions over the years from our study to present date and assess which mitigation options have been successfully deployed.</li> <li>To attempt to assess why some measures have not been introduced.</li> </ul>   The study will also aim to look at the organisations active in these areas, such as the Methane to Markets Programme in the USA, a body similar to the CSLF. This would enable us to consider if there are any opportunities for further work by IEAGHG on such topics that could assist deployment or address barriers to deployment. The review would therefore also assist in IEAGHG’s future strategic planning activities.

Technical Report

4th IEAGHG Network Meeting & Technical Workshop on High Temperature Solid Looping Cycles

1 March 2013
Capture
Event Proceedings

The IEAGHG High Temperature Solid Looping Cycles Network emerged from the preceding International Workshop on In-situ CO2 Removal (ISCR) and aims at bringing together researchers and developers of CO2 capture technologies that operate at high temperatures in cylindrical processes using either circulating or fixed beds of solids. Within the last few years drawbacks of the conventional amine-based CO2 capture systems have spurred interest in solid looping processes. Since then the technology has advanced considerably and several pilot plants have been build and brought into operation, e.g the 1.7MW pilot plant at La Pereda in Spain and the 1MW pilot plant at TU Darmstadt in Germany. Progress has been made in particular in carrier/sorbent development as well as in process design and integration. In Calcium Looping, for instance, the use of spent sorbent to produce cement has been demonstrated.

Technical Report

Key Messages for Communications Needs for Key Stakeholders

1 March 2013
Public Perception

The main deliverables from the study will be a series of Briefing Notes (BNs) covering the key information needs of key stakeholders, and a series of shorter Information Sheets (ISs) which provide a more basic introduction to the same topics. Note: the BN’s are the main deliverable of the study, and the ISs will be finalised and circulated after the technical report has been produced and disseminated. The study will work from, but not exclusively from, IEAGHG’s technical studies and reviews to identify the topics requiring BNs and the final BN’s will be reviewed by members of the Social Research Network, among others, as part of the peer review

Technical Review

Shale Gas Greenhouse Gas Footprint Review

1 March 2013
Storage

This analytical review was originally prepared as a discussion note for the executive committee of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D programme in response to concern resulting from publication in the USA of an academic paper claiming that methane emissions arising from the production of shale gas could be sufficient to make unconventional natural gas from that source more greenhouse intensive than coal. Such a claim runs counter to the conventional wisdom that converting an application from coal to natural gas invariably results in a reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission consequences of the application, particularly so for power generation

Technical Review

Toward a Commons Method of Cost Estimation for CO₂ Capture and Storage at Fossil Fuel Power Plants

1 March 2013
Costs of CCUS
Industry Insights

To address the current state of CCS costs, a workshop was convened in March 2011 at which an international group of experts from industrial firms, government agencies, universities, and environmen tal organizations met to share information and perspectives on CCS costs for electric power plants [2]. A major conclusion of that work shop was that there are significant differences and inconsistencies in the way CCS costs are currently calculated and reported by various authors and organizations. As a consequence, there is a significant degree of confusion, misunderstanding, and mis-representation of CCS costs in the information now available publicly. These incon sistencies hamper the ability to correctly and systematically com pare the cost of different carbon capture options. They also distort comparisons between CCS and other greenhouse gas reduction measures—with potential consequences for both technology and policy developments.

Technical Report

Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture Scale-Up Study

1 February 2013
Capture

This study assess the technical challenges associated with full-scale design and operation of conventional post-combustion capture technologies for supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) and natural gas fired combined cycle (NGCC) power plant. In this study technical and operational risks, performance gaps, technical challenges and sensitivity to several process variables are evaluated. Finally, a suggested scale-up strategy was developed with a focus on specific areas for development in future.

Technical Report

Building Knowledge for Environmental Assessment of CO₂ Storage: Controlled Releases of CO₂ and Natural Releases Workshop

1 January 2013
Storage

The main focus of this workshop was on controlled release projects with other sessions on environmental impact assessments and Regulations, monitoring, overburden/ mechanisms of migration from deep to shallow subsurface, leakage scenarios and communication of leakage. The third day of the meeting was spent at Yellowstone National Park, with part of the day observing formations created from natural CO2 seepage.

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