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CO₂ Storage Efficiency in Deep Saline Formations: A Comparison of Volumetric and Dynamic Storage resource Estimation Methods

1 October 2014
Storage

The goal of this study was to compare the volumetric and dynamic CO₂ storage resource estimation methodologies used to evaluate the storage potential of deep saline formations (DSFs). This comparison was carried out to investigate the applicability of using volumetric methods, which typically require less data and time to apply, to estimate the CO₂ storage resource potential of a given saline formation or saline system. The project goals were accomplished by applying both the volumetric and dynamic CO₂ storage resource estimation methodologies to the open-system upper Minnelusa Formation in the Powder River Basin, United States, and a closed-system comprising the Qingshankou and Yaojia Formations in the Songliao Basin, China

Technical Review

IEAGHG 2013 RCSP Peer Review Summary

1 May 2014
Storage

The 2013 international independent expert review of the RCSP had the following aims: 1. To follow up progress in addressing the recommendations of the second review in 2011 of the RCSP Initiative and their Phase III projects. 2. To assess the progress on the individual Phase III projects and consider whether the proposed technical work program for each project achieves the individual projects goals and those of the overall RCSPs. Inherent in this assessment will be the identification of any gaps or modifications that are necessary to the individual work program to address both the projects and the overall RCSP goals. 3. To assess results and key findings from the Phase III tests across the RCSP Initiative as they relate to the DOE/NETL Program goals. 4. To assess the overall technical integration of the RCSP Initiative, address the synergies between the eight Phase III projects and how they complement each other and how collectively they will provide a technical basis for future commercial scale projects in the USA. 5. To assess how the RCSP compares/compliments/contrasts with similar projects underway worldwide and how the information from these projects contributes to an international knowledge base on CO₂ capture and storage

Technical Report

Comparing Different Approaches to Managing CO₂ Storage Resources in Mature CCS Futures

1 April 2014
Storage

This report develops scenarios for CO₂ storage development in the Southern North Sea Basin to compare first-come, first-served and managed approaches to CO₂ storage site licensing. The report describes the benefits and consequences of these broad strategies for the pore space owner and the operator, and considers current approached to managing offshore and onshore storage resources (in a range of jurisdictions). A workshop was held in the early stages of the report process, which helped to evaluate approaches to the management of pore space in different jurisdictions. The following general issues were discussed at the workshop and are looked at further in the report: - The availability of storage capacity - Other uses and users of the pore space - Priorities on different uses in different jurisdictions - Potential routes to wider storage deployment - Technical regulatory challenges for storage in areas of multiple stacked storage opportunities - Risks that may arise from site interactions - Examples of pore space conflict resolution - Strategic initiatives for storage deployment. The report details potential subsurface interactions, UK policy for CO₂ storage development (including a UK Southern North Sea case study), potential interactions between two case studies in the Southern North Sea, CO₂ storage permitting in the Netherlands, CO₂ storage in Australia, the role of CO₂ enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in Texas, USA and managing the pore space in Alberta, Canada.

Technical Report

Methodologies and Technologies for Mitigation of Undesired CO₂ Migration in the Subsurface

1 December 2013
Storage

The driver behind this study is to develop a report built on the on the previous IEAGHG report on methods of leakage mitigation (2007/11). The proposed study should focus on current mitigation and remediation methods that may be applied or considered in site specific conditions in the event of unpredicted CO₂ migration. Each geological storage site will have an adaptive site specific monitoring plan, based on a risk assessment. Detection of a significant irregularity may involve supplementing the monitoring program, in order to detect a possible leak and if necessary engaging mitigation measures

Technical Report

Summary report of the IEAGHG Modelling Network and the Risk Management Network Meeting

1 November 2013
Event Proceedings
Storage

The three day event consisted of a day dedicated to modelling applications; a second day covering a variety of risk management issues and a final day where topics involving both topics were discussed. The meeting was preceded by visits to the SINTEF research facility in Trondheim and the CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline test facility at the Statoil Rotvoll site. During the visit to SINTEFF delegates were shown lab-scale development of new solvents for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and an oxy-fuel combustion test rig.

Technical Report

Monitoring Network and Environmental Research Network – Combined Meeting

1 November 2013
Event Proceedings
Storage

From the 27th to 30th August CO₂CRC hosted this meeting of two of IEAGHG’s Networks, the 8th meeting of the Monitoring Network and the 4th meeting of the Environmental Research Network. The theme of the meeting was ‘Realistic monitoring of CO₂ migration – from the reservoir to the surface’, and was attended by 80 delegates from 12 countries. The latest developments and research were presented in sessions covering the regulatory environment, monitoring migration from the reservoir, migration of fluids through the overburden, detection of leakage into shallow groundwater, terrestrial detection monitoring and environmental impacts, marine detection monitoring and environmental impacts, andthe complexity of the natural system and implications for quantification.

Technical Report

The Process of Developing a CO₂ Test Injection Experience

1 October 2013
Storage

This study does not intend to redo work already carried out, but to produce an over-arching document, which follows the process of setting up a test injection. This document would identify gaps in best practice guides as well as point readers towards available information. The document produced would order the steps and processes that the user would need to go through during the management of the test injection; from scoping of the project (including success criteria), site selection, planning, injection and closure. Many of the steps will happen simultaneously, but an order can still be established along with an expected timeline. This would be broad enough to allow for different permitting and legal processes in different countries as well as different site specific technical issues.

Technical Review

Review of CO₂ storage in low perm strata

1 October 2013
Storage

This review has summarised a detailed assessment of South Africa’s geological storage potential which is the most comprehensive for a country with both conventional and alternative (low permeability) options. The relevance of the experimental Longyearbyen site has been reviewed partly because of its relevance to South Africa. Brief consideration of India and South Korea has also been included because they too face the dilemma of limited, or unproven, alternatives to large scale conventional reservoirs.

Technical Report

Potential Implications on Gas Production from Shales and Coals

1 September 2013
Storage

The main aims of the study are to assess the global potential for geological storage of CO₂ in shale and coal formations and the impact of gas production from shales on CO₂ storage capacity in underlying deep saline aquifers by compromising caprock integrity. The study would comprise a comprehensive literature review to provide guidance on the following issues: Global status of hydrocarbon production from shales and CBM and potential effects on CO₂ storage both in the producing shales/ coals themselves and underlying hydrocarbon reservoirs and/or deep saline formations. The focus should be on gas production, but with reference to oil production from shales; Current status of research into geological storage of CO₂ in shales and coals; Potential nature and rate of trapping processes; mechanisms of storing CO₂. CO₂ injectivity into shales and coals, with reference to fracturing practices employed by industry; Containment issues arising from shale fracturing, both for shales as a storage medium per se, and in terms of caprock integrity for underlying storage units, particularly deep saline aquifers; Methods for assessing storage capacities for CO₂ storage in shales and coals; High level mapping and assessment of theoretical/effective capacities; Potential economic implications of CO₂ storage in shales and coals.

Technical Review

Mineralisation - Carbonation and Enhanced Weathering

1 July 2013
Storage
Utilisation

This technical review is an update of a 2005 IEAGHG review of mineralisation as means of CO₂ sequestration, which concluded “Significant breakthroughs are needed but obstacles to be overcome are considerable”. This review confirms that view and concludes that recent research initiatives are unlikely to lead to technically and economically viable CO₂ sequestration processes. An insurmountable barrier is the scale of mineral handling that would be required for CO₂ absorption by a mineral at a coal-fired power station. The amount of igneous mineral material to be mined, processed and returned to the ground would involve materials handling at an order of magnitude greater scale than the scale of the coal mining operation that provided the fuel that is burned to produce the CO₂. That would result in significant environmental consequences and life-cycle energy demands

Technical Report

Interaction of CO₂ Storage with Subsurface Resources

1 April 2013
Storage

The objectives of the study were to: 1. Provide a comprehensive literature-based review of sub-surface exploitation activities that may affect storage operations, focussing in regions where large scale CCS development is currently focussed. 2. Provide a qualitative assessment of potential interactions and impacts using case study sedimentary basins. 3. Provide policy makers, regulators and developers with a checklist of potential sub surface resource interactions together with a preliminary explanation of possible impacts and management options 4. Where possible, provide case study examples of resource interaction issues have been successfully managed to enable multiple resource use

Technical Report

Induced Seismicity and its Implications for CO₂ Storage Risk

1 April 2013
Storage

This study would provide a review of the mechanisms that cause induced seismicity and their application to geological storage of CO₂. The study would involve a detailed literature review of recent and ongoing research in this topic and an analysis drawn from the findings. Importantly, the study would focus on induced seismicity that may be caused by CO₂ injection and storage. Owing to the paucity of large scale CO₂ storage projects, it may be necessary to use findings from analogues (for example, steam assisted gravity drainage of heavy oil, cyclic steam stimulation in heavy oil recovery or produced water re-injection (also at hydraulic fracturing conditions) in oil and gas field operations).

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