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Microbial Effects on CO₂ Storage

1 December 2012
Storage

Microorganisms are thought to be responsible for over half the biomass on the planet, with a substantial fraction of them in the subsurface. Some microorganisms are known to be able to exist in extreme conditions and have been found in the subsurface at depths greater than 3km and can therefore potentially exist at some locations considered for geological storage of CO2. In general the chemoautotrophic nature of subsurface ecosystems increases with depth, i.e. microbes in the deeper subsurface are more likely to be using CO2 to synthesise necessary organic compounds. Therefore these are what you may expect to find at the depth of a typical CO2 storage reservoir.

Technical Report

Financial Mechanisms for Long-Term CO₂ Storage Liabilities

1 November 2012
Costs of CCUS
Storage

The study aimed to review current laws and emerging CCS specific regulations, in different regions of the world and under different legal frameworks, concentrating on long-term liability aspects. The primary work of the study was to investigate and assess the various potential financial mechanisms for supporting CO₂ liability, including an assessment of their applicability and practicality to all parties concerned, and provide recommendations based on the findings. As well as discussion on important issues such as when and how transfer of liability to the government should occur, and what these liabilities could be, the study focuses primarily on how this liability can be supported.

Technical Report

Summary Report of the 6th Risk Assessment Network Workshop

1 March 2012
Event Proceedings
Storage

The three day workshop highlighted the latest international CO₂ storage risk assessment developments, discussing communication and regulatory developments, risk and incident management, potential induced seismicity, monitoring performance, understanding potential groundwater impacts, risk assessment methodologies, key outcomes and identified knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future research.

Technical Report

The 7th IEAGHG Monitoring Network Meeting

1 November 2011
Event Proceedings
Storage

The theme for this year’s meeting centred on the 3 criteria for transfer of responsibility in the EU directive: Actual behaviour of the injected CO₂ conforms with the modelled behaviour; No detectable leakage; Storage site is evolving towards a situation of long-term stability While the directive is European, the aims are applicable and necessary to all worldwide storage projects. There is no information yet from experience for the 3rd point, which also derives from the first two, so the focus was on the first 2 aims.

Technical Report

Global Storage Resources Gap Analysis for Policy Makers

1 October 2011
Policy & Regulation
Storage

The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG), on behalf of the Global CCS Institute, commissioned Geogreen to undertake a study reviewing the current global portfolio of operational and announced CO2 geological storage projects, in the context of key CCS deployment targets for 2020: 20 operational sites stipulated by the G8; and 100 operational sites as described in the 2009 IEA CCS Roadmap ‘Blue’ scenario (limiting atmospheric CO2 concentrations to 450ppm). The Geogreen study included detailed modelling of the timescales and resources required for storage sites to achieve bankable status, whereby final investment decisions can be made in advance of site construction, commissioning and operations. Building on this analysis, the study showed that the current CCS project portfolio could allow the G8 target to be reached provided that adequate resources are made available for a large proportion of the proposed projects and that storage associated with CO₂-EOR can be included.

Technical Report

Potential Impacts on Groundwater Resources of Geological Storage

1 October 2011
Storage

The study, comprising a literature review and desk-based assessment, aimed to produce a ‘high level’ overview of potential impacts on groundwater resources from storage operations, concentrating on DSF storage across a range of typical regional settings. The study also highlighted the current state of knowledge and/or gaps, recommending further research priorities where appropriate.

Technical Report

Combined Modelling Wellbore Integrity Network Meeting

1 October 2011
Event Proceedings
Storage

This combined meeting of the IEAGHG Modelling and Wellbore Integrity networks was held from the 27th to the 29th of April 2011, in Perth, Australia, hosted by Curtin University and the University of Western Australia and sponsored by Shell, Chevron, Curtin University, the University of Western Australia and the Government of Western Australia Department of Mines and Petroleum. Seventy five delegates attended the meeting, representing 9 different countries. The three day event looked at the complexity of models, real projects (local and international), geomechanics and wellbore integrity, followed by a field visit to the site of the planned Collie Southwest CO₂ Hub. T

Technical Report

Feasibility of Monitoring Tools

1 September 2011
Storage

This report sets out to identify and evaluate appropriate monitoring tools for substances mobilised by the actions/reactions caused by CO2 injection during CCS operations and includes a brief description of the types of physical, chemical and biological parameters that might be affected. Monitoring these is important for verifying predicted migration pathways and characterising changes in the physical and chemical properties of associated sedimentary formations and groundwater. Understanding these processes and mapping their distribution aids in the identification of potential monitoring tools and facilitates an assessment of their utility in a particular monitoring domain. Matching the appropriate monitoring tool with the monitoring environment is therefore critical to designing an effective monitoring and verification program

Technical Review

Geological Storage Of CO₂ In Basalts

1 September 2011
Storage

This technical review has been undertaken with the aim of providing a high level overview of the current status of basalts as an option for geological storage of CO₂

Technical Report

Caprock Systems for CO₂ Geological Storage

1 June 2011
Storage

The study involved a detailed literature review of recent and ongoing research in this topic, with engineering judgement drawn from the findings. The study focussed on caprocks in the context of CO₂ storage in deep saline formations, although depleted hydrocarbon fields were also considered, in the context of the associated wide body of available knowledge. Particular issues considered by the study included: Caprock characteristics for site selection purposes; Geomechanical, geochemical and other relevant processes, and their coupling into predictive performance models; Potential leakage pathways and mechanisms, including faults, fractures and by diffusion; Discussion of the time frames and rates of leakage for the various mechanisms and caprock systems; Best practices for caprock assessment including data collection and modelling methodologies.

Technical Report

Effects of Impurities on Geological Storage of CO₂

1 June 2011
Storage

Study on evaluation of the effects of impurities on CO₂ transport, injection and storage, sponsored by the International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG). The IEA GHG’s objectives of this study are: To provide a review of existing information and published research on the potential impact of CO₂ stream purity on storage reservoir and caprock performance and associated engineering costs; To provide a high level overview of available knowledge. The focus is on storage of impure CO₂ in deep saline formations, since this scenario has the largest theoretical storage capacity and the most significant potential for complex geochemical reactions, although depleted gas fields and CO₂-EOR are also relevant.

Technical Report

Summary Report of the IEAGHG Workshop - Natural Releases of CO₂: Building Knowledge for CO₂ Storage Environmental Impact Assessments

1 November 2010
Event Proceedings
Storage

The IEAGHG workshop on Natural Releases of CO₂: Building Knowledge for CO₂ Storage Environmental Impact Assessments was held in Maria Laach, Germany, in November 2011 and hosted by CO₂GeoNet and BGR. The workshop was well attended, with forty seven participants from over ten different countries. Sessions included: Setting the Scene; Releases, Magnitudes and Impacts: Marine Environments and Terrestrial Environments; Mobilisation of Brine and Metals; Near Surface vs. Deep Subsurface Mechanisms and, Monitoring Challenges in Light of Natural Systems. Due to considerable interest in the workshop and an overly prescribed agenda, poster sessions were included within coffee and lunch breaks, with eight presented posters during the workshop.

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