Technical Review
The project has two main deliverables: 1) A comprehensive review of international research and current understanding with respect to the strategies, technologies and economics of CO₂ injection into subsurface formations and 2) spreadsheet applications based on analytical methods and look-up tables for the planning of CO₂ injection schemes. The review part of the report addresses the following main topics: a) injection well hydraulics and numerical modelling of CO₂ injection; b) proposed strategies for storage optimisation and experience from existing injection operations; c) economics and trade-offs of CO₂ injection schemes; and d) injection well design and remediation methods. More specifically, the following are covered:
<!-- wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} --> <!-- wp:list --><ul><!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Parameters that affect injectivity and storage capacity were assessed through a critical review of literature and experience from existing storage operations.</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>The consequences of uncertainty in parameter estimation in numerical reservoir simulations of CO₂ injection schemes are discussed, particularly with respect to relative permeability, heterogeneity effects and economic impacts. </li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Injection strategies that are believed to enhance dissolution of CO₂ in formation water (i.e., co-injection of water) or mineral precipitation, thereby increasing storage security were examined. </li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li> Economics of well design, drilling techniques and stimulation methods were assessed for various storage environments, reservoir quality and transport distances.</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><!-- wp:list-item --><li>Selected existing CO₂ storage sites and pilot projects, CO₂-EOR projects and natural gas storage sites were reviewed with respect to well design, injection strategy and associated costs.</li><!-- /wp:list-item --><!-- /wp:list-item --></ul><!-- /wp:list --> <!-- /wp:acf/column-content --> <!-- /wp:acf/columns -->
