Publications Library

8th Post Combustion Capture Conference Summary

• 10 March 2026
• Capture
• Event Proceedings

Risk Management and Monitoring Networks Combined Meeting Report

• 15 January 2026
• Event Proceedings
• Storage

Two IEAGHG expert networks, the Risk Management Network and the Monitoring Network, held a combined meeting from 27th to 28th August 2025 in The Hague, The Netherlands. Both networks have been convening for 20 years, and this meeting, hosted by Shell at the Shell Centre, represented the 11th Risk Management and the 15th Monitoring meeting.

1st Meeting of the Network of National CCUS Centres of Excellence (NNCCE)

• 3 November 2025
• Event Proceedings

The inaugural meeting of the Network of National CCUS Centres of Excellence (NNCCE) was held virtually on 30 July 2025, bringing together over 20 representatives from leading CCUS institutions across the Global South.

Artificial Intelligence in Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage 2025 Workshop

• 30 October 2025
• Event Proceedings
• Industry Insights

The IEAGHG AI in CCUS Workshop, held virtually on 29–30 April 2025, was convened to foster a deeper understanding of the role artificial intelligence (AI) can play in advancing carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS).

Proceedings of the CCS Cost Network 2025 Workshop

• 1 October 2025
• Costs of CCUS
• Event Proceedings

IEAGHG’s 8th CCS Cost Network Workshop, hosted by Bechtel at their Energy Headquarters in Houston, the so-called Energy Capital of the World, took place on March 5–6, 2025. This invitation-only, in-person gathering convened around 50 leading experts from industry and academia, fostering a highly interactive forum for in-depth discussions on advancing real-world cost estimation across the CCS value chain. The workshop was opened with welcoming remarks from Bechtel’s Bill Elliot, Operations Manager, ET, and George Whittaker, CCUS Operations Manager, which set the scene for a workshop focused on sharing expertise, challenging assumptions, and identifying practical pathways to lower CCS costs.

Risk Management and Monitoring Networks Combined Meeting Report

• 15 January 2026
• Event Proceedings
• Storage

Two IEAGHG expert networks, the Risk Management Network and the Monitoring Network, held a combined meeting from 27th to 28th August 2025 in The Hague, The Netherlands. Both networks have been convening for 20 years, and this meeting, hosted by Shell at the Shell Centre, represented the 11th Risk Management and the 15th Monitoring meeting.

Review of CO2 storage via in-situ mineralisation in mafic-ultramafic rocks

• 22 August 2025
• Storage

This report evaluates progress, barriers, and knowledge gaps, and provides stakeholders, regulators, and investors with a comprehensive summary of current knowledge and understanding of subsurface carbon mineralisation in mafic-ultramafic reservoirs.

Reviewing the implications of unlikely but potential CO2 migration to the surface or shallow subsurface

• 29 January 2025
• Storage

CO2 leakage from geological storage is considered unlikely. However, it is important to understand environmental and health risks to ensure appropriate mitigation and monitoring is established.

7th International Workshop on Offshore Geologic CO2 Storage

• 23 January 2025
• Event Proceedings
• Storage

The 7th International Workshop on Offshore Geologic CO2 storage was held in Port Arthur, TX, on September 17-18th 2025.

Geological Storage of CO₂: Seal Integrity Review

• 10 September 2024
• Storage

This comprehensive seal integrity review, undertaken by CO₂CRC on behalf of IEAGHG, provides a detailed, updated exploration of the critical aspects of seal potential in the context of the geological storage of CO₂.

Insurance Coverage for CO₂ Storage Projects

• 16 August 2024
• Industry Insights
• Storage

This report is a focused review of recent developments regarding insurance coverage for carbon dioxide (CO₂) geological storage projects. It seeks to address the following: what companies are offering or planning to offer insurance to CO₂ storage projects, what is the scope and duration of the coverage offered, and does coverage extend to the transportation of CO₂ to the project site? This work and report was prepared by Franz Hiebert.

Managing the transition of depleted oil and gas fields to CO₂ storage

• 12 August 2024
• Policy & Regulation
• Storage

This work provides a careful and thorough exploration of the major issues involved in the transfer of use of a field from hydrocarbon extraction to CO₂ storage, to identify both the pros and cons of such a transition.

CO₂ Storage Site Catalogue

• 8 August 2024
• Storage

This Technical Review provides an overview of 22 CO₂ storage sites from around the world. These include CO₂-EOR, commercial scale storage sites and a number of pilot and demonstration storage sites in both depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and saline reservoirs. Its primary aim is to provide a convenient source of collated information with a specific focus on technical information that are in the public domain.

A Critical Study on Waste to Low Carbon (CCS-abated) Hydrogen

• 23 April 2025
• Utilisation

This study presents a systematic review of waste-to-hydrogen (WtH) technologies and conducts analysis of the technological, economical, and environmental aspects of the most promising waste-to-low carbon hydrogen technologies for near-term commercial deployment.

Analysis of Electrolytic Hydrogen Technologies with a Comparative Perspective on Low-Carbon (CCS-Abated) Hydrogen Pathways

• 4 December 2024
• Utilisation

An evaluation of various electrolytic hydrogen production pathways focusing on their technical, economic, and environmental aspects and comparing these with hydrogen production routes that involve fossil fuel with carbon capture and storage (CCS) abatement.

International Standards and Testing for Novel Carbonaceous Building Materials

• 1 December 2023
• Policy & Regulation
• Utilisation

Over 4 billion tonnes of cement are produced each year, equating to approximately 8% of global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, and this industry will continue to grow with the expansion of the built environment at a time that emissions need to be reduced. The utilisation or reduction of CO₂ within cement, concrete and building materials could be a valuable way to contribute to emissions reductions in the sector , but there are several barriers, including the current state of standards, regulations and policies. This study will provide useful information for the technical and research community, the CCUS industry, the construction industry, and policymakers, providing an unbiased and non-prescriptive evaluation of international standards and testing relevant to novel carbonaceous building materials to address some of those barriers. The market potential for CO₂ utilisation processes in the construction industry is also investigated, and the methods for certifying and measuring embodied carbon content of carbonated building materials is evaluated and the challenges therein.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Electrochemical CO₂ Conversion Technologies

• 17 October 2023
• Costs of CCUS
• Utilisation

This study aims to assess the costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance of selected electrochemical CO₂ conversion pathways. It applies a learning curve method to project costs up to 2050.

Prospective Integration of Geothermal Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage

• 23 August 2023
• Storage
• Utilisation

The aim of the study is to provide a dispassionate review and overview of scenarios where geothermal energy and CO₂ utilisation and storage technologies can be combined for mutual benefit and contribute to Net Zero targets. Sourced from a rich body of literature from global research institutes and some demonstration projects many of the concepts identified have been conceptualised over the past 20 years and are still in the early concept stage. These concepts have been categorised, described and evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods. And a map based screening exercise useful for initial evaluation of areas suitable for combined synergies has been undertaken.

Defining the Value of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage for a Low-Carbon Future

• 1 August 2022
• Capture
• Utilisation

A key objective of the study was to explore the concept of ‘value’, when applied to a technology deployed in a low-carbon energy system. CCUS is an available mitigation option to support energy transitions and has been highlighted by global IAMs as a necessary technology to limit anthropogenic warming to well below 2°C. Despite this, there continues to be dissent among academics, business leaders and policymakers regarding the role CCUS can or should play in a low-carbon future. This opposition appears to stem not only from a narrow and incomplete focus on cost, and the perception that CCUS is a high-cost mitigation option under all circumstances, but also a failure to recognise the value of CCUS from other perspectives, such as human, social and environmental, to support the energy transition to net zero. As a result, a wider, deeper, and multi-disciplinary review of the ‘value’ of CCUS is explored. Recent literature spanning sector-specific techno-economic models, global and regional IAMs, and social studies to explore the diverse value of CCUS is reviewed. Results from Princeton University’s Net-Zero America study are summarised, where five alternate modelled pathways to net-zero emissions in the United States provided an exceptional level of sectoral, temporal and spatial granularity to highlight the value of CCUS in these pathways. Finally, a semi-quantitative, 2×2 decision framework was introduced to help policymakers screen the relative competitiveness of CCUS as a mitigation option across multiple domains. This framework was applied across a number of case studies, including the United States, the UK, Indonesia, Australia and Japan, to highlight under what circumstances CCUS might prove to be a valuable mitigation option to help these jurisdictions achieve time-bound mitigation goals.

Mineral Carbonation using Mine Tailings – A Strategic Overview of Potential and Opportunities

• 1 July 2022
• Utilisation

The aim of this review is to evaluate the techno-economic viability of AMC, and the comparative maturity of the technology, based on publicly available information. This report is primarily concerned with magnesium-silicate rich mine tailings and ex situ processing to induce carbonation suitably reactive rock. Magnesium silicate rocks can potentially offer significant volumes of material for CO₂ capture compared with calcium-based materials

From Carbon Dioxide to Building Materials – Improving Process Efficiency

• 1 March 2022
• Utilisation

IEAGHG commissioned a study to investigate how captured CO₂ can be used in building materials. It also explored the processes that are used to capture this CO₂ and includes case studies where these processes are happening. The work has evaluated CO₂ utilisation in the context of cement and concrete production by looking into the effects of carbonation on material utilisation and the design of a potential carbonation plant. The market analysis and market pull of carbonated building products is also covered.

CO₂ as a Feedstock: Comparison of CCU Pathways

• 1 November 2021
• Utilisation

The aim of this study is to present a holistic assessment of the viability (both technically and from a market perspective) of carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) routes and to identify areas of strength and weakness within individual routes, compare different CCU pathways, and identify common drivers, barriers, and enablers. The results of this study will be of interest to the technical community, as well as industry and manufacturers. The study assessed commodities across four different CCU categories (building materials, chemicals, polymers and fuels) regarding their mitigation potential, market uptake potential, technical scalability and other impacts.

CO₂ Utilisation: Hydrogenation Pathways

• 1 November 2021
• Costs of CCUS
• Utilisation

The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of select carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) routes based upon CO₂ conversion through hydrogenation, in terms of their climate change mitigation potential. The results of this study will be of interest to organisations/individuals involved with climate-change scenario modelling, as well as RD&D financial sponsors. The commodities selected for investigation were methanol, formic acid, and middle distillate hydrocarbons (synthetic fuels: diesel, gasoline, jet fuel), with a focus on catalytic hydrogenation pathways. Results of CO₂ emissions, costs and energy consumption for formic acid, however, will not be presented in detail in this Overview, as the analysis has shown that the abatement is limited to 2 MtCO₂ due to the small market size. (Results for formic acid are available in the full report.)

CO2 Flow Metering Technologies

• 4 September 2025
• Policy & Regulation
• Transport

The main objective of this study is to raise awareness of the relevance, state of the art, challenges and opportunities of flow metering for carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS). Flow metering of CO2 streams will be critical in supporting trade, protecting consumers, ensuring confidence, facilitating taxation, and meeting CO2 reduction goals and treaty obligations.

Measurement, reporting and verification and accounting for carbon dioxide removal in the context of both project-based approaches and national greenhouse gas inventories

• 15 October 2024
• Industry Insights
• Policy & Regulation

Managing the transition of depleted oil and gas fields to CO₂ storage

• 12 August 2024
• Policy & Regulation
• Storage

This work provides a careful and thorough exploration of the major issues involved in the transfer of use of a field from hydrocarbon extraction to CO₂ storage, to identify both the pros and cons of such a transition.

International Standards and Testing for Novel Carbonaceous Building Materials

• 1 December 2023
• Policy & Regulation
• Utilisation

Over 4 billion tonnes of cement are produced each year, equating to approximately 8% of global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, and this industry will continue to grow with the expansion of the built environment at a time that emissions need to be reduced. The utilisation or reduction of CO₂ within cement, concrete and building materials could be a valuable way to contribute to emissions reductions in the sector , but there are several barriers, including the current state of standards, regulations and policies. This study will provide useful information for the technical and research community, the CCUS industry, the construction industry, and policymakers, providing an unbiased and non-prescriptive evaluation of international standards and testing relevant to novel carbonaceous building materials to address some of those barriers. The market potential for CO₂ utilisation processes in the construction industry is also investigated, and the methods for certifying and measuring embodied carbon content of carbonated building materials is evaluated and the challenges therein.

Integrating CCS in international cooperation and carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

• 18 January 2023
• Policy & Regulation

This work assesses the status of and outlooks for international cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and considers how approaches could support the deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). It provides an up-to-date look at the Article 6 rules, the types of markets and mechanisms that could evolve, and the units that could be traded. It then considers how Article 6 could apply to CCS through linked emissions trading systems, crediting systems and alternative approaches.

Applying ISO Standards to Geologic Storage and EOR Projects

• 1 September 2022
• Policy & Regulation
• Storage

The work aims to summarise and synthesise the two ISO Standards relevant to the geological storage of CO₂: – ISO 27914:2017 (‘Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage – Geological storage’) and ISO 27916:2019 (‘Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage – Carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR)’) – to provide a high-level understanding of the content into an easily digestible format. By comparison with international regulatory frameworks, and providing case studies of how applicable the standards are to real CO₂ storage projects, the study provides a comprehensive overview and concludes on the usefulness of the documents in supporting the implementation of CCUS projects. For the purposes of this overview, the standards will hereafter be referred to as ISO 27914 and ISO 27916

CCUS in national GHG inventories

• 28 June 2021
• Policy & Regulation

This report builds upon previous IEAGHG studies on the topic of carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) in order to assess the potential of a portfolio of CCU technologies to contribute towards Japan’s climate change mitigation goals in 2030 and 2050.

Exporting CO₂ for Offshore Storage – The London Protocol’s Export Amendment and Associated Guidelines and Guidance

• 12 April 2021
• Policy & Regulation
• Storage

The London Convention and London Protocol are the global treaties that protect the marine environment from pollution caused by the dumping of wastes. Since 2006, the London Protocol has provided a basis in international environmental law to allow carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage beneath the seabed when it is safe to do so, and to regulate the injection of CO₂ into sub-seabed geological formations for permanent isolation. However, Article 6 of the London Protocol prohibits the export of waste or other matter for dumping in the marine environment. Therefore in 2019, Contracting Parties to the London Protocol adopted a resolution to allow provisional application of the 2009 amendment to Article 6 of the Protocol to allow export of CO₂ for storage in sub-seabed geological formations in advance of its ratification, which was progressing slowly.

Quantifying the Socio-Economic Value of CCS: A Review

• 3 August 2022
• Costs of CCUS
• Public Perception

As policymakers consider options at their disposal to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, understanding the socio-economic impacts on local communities and industrial regions is crucial. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) often lack the economic, social and geographic detail to fully reveal the role that CCS and CDR technologies, such as BECCS, can play in national economies – noting that deployment of both CCS and BECCS has long continued to lag expectations. Providing a multi-regional, technology agnostic and transparent quantification of the social value of these technologies may be essential to unlocking this impasse.

Social Research Network 2015

• 1 January 2016
• Event Proceedings
• Public Perception

This work looked into adopting a place-based approach to better understand responses of the public to the siting of projects involving low-carbon technologies. The research examined public reactions to an offshore wind farm, a power line proposal and a tidal energy project in the UK. Theorising the concept of ‘place’ has two aspects to it – a place as a locus of attachment/identity and a place as a centre of meaning. With the latter, these meanings are not fixed and people have different thoughts or feelings about them. ‘Place attachment’ describes the emotional bonds between people and particular environments (which can be attachment or non-attachment), where ‘place identity’ refers to the ways in which places reflect and maintain identities for individuals or groups. This work argues the value of capturing place attachments and their related meanings to explain local responses to siting of infrastructure proposals, but notes that each in isolation is insufficient to explain why. It was felt that there is value in conducting and comparing multiple case studies across contexts and sectors to further examine the influence of place on consumers.

4th Social Research Network Meeting

• 1 October 2014
• Event Proceedings
• Public Perception

 The overall aim of the Social Research Network is “to foster the conduct and dissemination of social science research related to CCS in order to improve understanding of public concerns as well as improve the understanding of the processes required for deploying projects”.

Key Messages for Communications Needs for Key Stakeholders

• 1 March 2013
• Public Perception

The main deliverables from the study will be a series of Briefing Notes (BNs) covering the key information needs of key stakeholders, and a series of shorter Information Sheets (ISs) which provide a more basic introduction to the same topics. Note: the BN’s are the main deliverable of the study, and the ISs will be finalised and circulated after the technical report has been produced and disseminated. The study will work from, but not exclusively from, IEAGHG’s technical studies and reviews to identify the topics requiring BNs and the final BN’s will be reviewed by members of the Social Research Network, among others, as part of the peer review

Summary Report of the 3rd IEAGHG SRN Meeting

• 1 October 2012
• Event Proceedings
• Public Perception

The overall aim of the Social Research Network is “to foster the conduct and dissemination of social science research related to CCS in order to improve understanding of public concerns as well as improve the understanding of the processes required for deploying projects”. The objectives of the Network are as follows: <!– wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} –> <!– wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} –> <!– wp:list –><ul> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Ensure high quality social science research <!– wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} –> <!– wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} –> <!– wp:list –><ul> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Elevate reputation and acceptance of social science research</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Consistency of research</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> </ul><!– /wp:list –> <!– /wp:acf/column-content –> <!– /wp:acf/columns –> </li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Identifying gaps</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Promoting a learning environment</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Building capacity within the Network</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Translate information from studies into tools or applied lessons <!– wp:acf/columns {"name":"acf/columns","data":{"padding_top":"1","_padding_top":"field_columns_fields_padding_top","padding_bottom":"1","_padding_bottom":"field_columns_fields_padding_bottom","margin_top":"0","_margin_top":"field_columns_fields_margin_top","margin_bottom":"0","_margin_bottom":"field_columns_fields_margin_bottom"},"mode":"preview"} –> <!– wp:acf/column-content {"name":"acf/column-content","mode":"preview"} –> <!– wp:list –><ul> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Apply insights to actual projects</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Interact with technical experts</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Communicate results to policy makers</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Ensure application is grounded in theory</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> </ul><!– /wp:list –> <!– /wp:acf/column-content –> <!– /wp:acf/columns –> </li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> <!– wp:list-item –><!– wp:list-item –><li>Create a clearing house of social science research</li><!– /wp:list-item –><!– /wp:list-item –> </ul><!– /wp:list –> <!– /wp:acf/column-content –> <!– /wp:acf/columns –>

Summary Report of the 2nd IEAGHG Social Research Network Meeting

• 1 November 2011
• Event Proceedings
• Public Perception

The two day workshop discussed methodologies and techniques, working in contentious environments, social science CCS research in Japan, learnings from other energy technology research, use of social media, knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future research and future aims of the IEAGHG Social Research Network (SRN).

1st Social Research Network Meeting

• 1 June 2010
• Event Proceedings
• Public Perception

As this was the first IEA GHG Social Research Network meeting, group discussions took place to identify the overarching aims and objectives of the network. After much discussion and reiteration it was agreed that the overarching aim should be: To foster the conduct and dissemination of social science research related to CCS in order to improve understanding of public concerns as well as improve the understanding of the processes required for deploying projects

The Landscape of Carbon Dioxide Capture, Storage and Management (CCSM) Education in the UK

• 1 August 2009
• Industry Insights
• Public Perception

This report was commissioned by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) to assist the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) task force in the assessment of international graduate degrees at MSc and PhD level on Carbon Dioxide Capture, Storage, and Carbon Management (hereinafter CCSM) from universities. The scope of this report is to identify academic perspectives and programs in the areas of CCSM currently available in the United Kingdom (UK). The information assembled in this report was sought from the internet, email contacts and visiting key universities. This report addresses the major findings and discusses the current landscape of CCSM education in the UKThis report has concentrated on courses provided in the UK. In addition, mention should be made that from a base in the UK the IEA GHG organises an annual International CCS Summer School. This is hosted at different locations worldwide each time; Germany, Canada and Australia in the first three years. This course offers an intensive week in all aspects of CCS, from capture to storage, and non-technical topics such as economics, policy, regulation, safety and public communication.   

IPCC SRCCS Media Impact

• 1 July 2006
• Industry Insights
• Public Perception

To undertake this review of media impact IEA GHG agreed contracts with two specialist organisations. The first of these studies was agreed with the Copernicus Institute, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands and the second with Tyndall Centre, University of Manchester, UK. Two contracts were agreed because of the different approaches used and the different geographical distribution of the media searches proposed. The Copernicus Institute proposed to use a web based search tool to review media articles in the European press, the countries covered included; UK , Netherlands, France, Spain , Italy and Germany. In contrast, the Tyndall Centre study involved a dedicated exercise where an individual would review news articles in the English speaking press alone. This review covered newspaper articles in: UK, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In each case, articles were scanned for three months before the release of the IPCC SRCCS (released week 39, 26th -30th September 2005) and for three months after. Overall, it was considered that the two studies gave a good global coverage of media response covering most regions of the world that were actively developing CCS projects with the noted exception of Japan.